The Thorax 1

Question 1

Label this image

Answer 1

Question 2

What is the carina?

Answer 2

A ridge of cartilage in the trachea that occurs between the division of the two main bronchi.

This occurs at the lower end of the trachea (usually at the level of the 4th thoracic vertebra, which is in line with the sternal angle, but may raise or descend up to two vertebrae higher or lower with breathing).

Question 3

Where is the carina ridge anatomically?

Answer 3

This ridge lies to the left of the midline, and runs antero-posteriorly (front to back).

Foreign bodies that fall down the trachea are more likely to enter the right bronchus.

Question 4

Why are foreign bodies that fall down the trachea more likely to go down the right bronchus?

Answer 4

It is shorter, wider and more vertical than the left bronchus.

Question 5

Label this image

Answer 5

Question 6

Label this image

Answer 6

Question 7

Label this image

Answer 7

Question 8

What is shown in this image?

Answer 8

Pleural effusion

Question 9

What is a hilum?

Answer 9

A depression or fissure where structures such as blood vessels and nerves enter an organ

Question 10

Which lung is thicker and broader?

Answer 10

The right lung is thicker and broader than the left – also shorter due to the higher right hemi diaphragm.

Question 11

Label this image

Answer 11

Question 12

Label this image

Answer 12

Question 13

Label the heart

Answer 13

Question 14

What is this image demonstrating?

Answer 14

You should look behind the heart for opacities that could indicate lung tumours.

Question 15

Label this image

Answer 15

A = cardiomegaly

B = pleural effusion

D = cardiac edge

Question 16

What is the cardiothoracic ratio?

Answer 16

Cardiothoracic ratio – a divided by b

a should be less than 50% of b

More difficult on ap view due to magnification etc.

NB: image must be acquired on full inspiration

Question 17

What do these images show?

Answer 17

Inspiration and expiration

Question 18

Label this image

Answer 18

A - Manubrium of sternum

B - Body of sternum

C - Xyphi-sternum

Question 19

Label image with soft tissue anatomy

Answer 19

Question 20

Label the right and left hemi diaphragm

Answer 20

Question 21

Label the trachea and main bronchi

How do we know it’s the trachea?

Answer 21

Question 22

Label cardiovascular system

Answer 22

Question 23

Label cardiovascular system

Answer 23

Question 24

What does this image show?

Answer 24

Rotated AP chest

Highlights importance of good positioning

Heart size/shape

clavicle

lung size/shape

diaphragms

Question 25

What has caused the changes in this anatomy?

Answer 25

Lordosis

Question 26

How does this image show the importance of markers?

Answer 26

This patient has dextrocardia