The Skeletal System 2 Flashcards
At what spinal level is the sternal notch?
T2/T3
At what spinal level is the sternal angle?
T4/T5
At what spinal level is the inferior angle of the scapula?
T8
At what spinal level is the lower costal margin?
L3
At what spinal level is the iliac crest?
L4
At what spinal level is the pubic symphysis?
Coccyx
What piece of anatomy can be located by the lower costal margin?
The kidneys are situated between T12 and L3 on expiration
What is shown on this image?
McGrigor’s Lines
What are McGrigor’s lines?
- Should be symmetrical
- Look along each line for a fluid level / abnormal soft tissue opacity
What check can you do to see if there is an injury to the cervical spine from a lateral image?
- Arcuate lines
1. Anterior margins of vertebral bodies
2. Posterior margins of vertebral bodies
3. Bases of spinous processes
What do you need to look for in this image?
What image is it?
AP cervical spine
- Spinous processes
- Align
- Approximately equidistant
When viewing the odontoid peg of a cervical spine x-ray, what needs to be looked at?
- Equal joint space either side of peg
- Alignment of lateral margins of C1 and C2. (Lateral margin alignment is more significant to A&E Consultants)
What is the normal distance between the odontoid peg and the posterior surface of the anterior tubercle in an adult?
3-5mm
What is being shown in this image?
Swelling of prevertebral tissue
- Occurs in 50% of patients with a bony injury
- May indicate a subtle bone injury
What is being shown in this image?
Left paraspinal line
- Close to vertebral bodies
- Interface between paravertebral soft tissues and lung
- Widening or bulging of the paraspinal line
▪May be caused by haematoma
▪May therefore indicate spinal trauma
What 3 lines can be used to check a lateral elbow x-ray?
Anterior humeral line
- Projects through middle 1/3 of capitulum
Midhumeral line
- Projects along posterior border of capitulum
Radiocapitular line
- From centre of capitulum along mid-line of radius
What should you look for in a lateral wrist?
Radius, lunate and capitate are all aligned
Lunate is lower
Complete this image
What are Shenton’s lines?
Inner margins of obturator foramen should be inspected the same way as the pelvic brim
Rarely broken in only one place
Superior border to inferior surface of the neck of the femur
Disruption of this normally smooth line indicates the femoral neck broken
What is Bohler’s angle?
Should be between 20° and 40 ° (Less than 20° = depressed #)
- Line 1:- Highest point of posterior facet to most cephalic point on tuberosity.
- Line 2:- Highest point of posterior facet to most cephalic part of anterior process of the calcaneum
What is the de Lacey mid foot rule part 1?
Part 1: the medial border of the base of the second metatarsal should be in line with the medial border of the intermediate cuneiform on the DP view
What is the de Lacey mid foot rule part 2?
Part Two: The medial border of the base of the third metatarsal should be in line with the medial border of the lateral cuneiform on the oblique view
What is shown in this image?
Nutrient foramen
What is shown in this image?
What is it?
An Apophysis is a certain type of growth plate that occurs at the end of a bone, when there is no other bones on the other side. The best example of an apophysis is on the heel bone.
An apophysis is a growth plate that provides a point for a muscle to attach.
What is being shown here?
De Lacey mid foot rule
1st image: part 2 is good
2nd image: part 1 is jagged, not good
Label the image
