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Science > The Technological world (Materials, Constraints and deformations) > Flashcards

The Technological world (Materials, Constraints and deformations) Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the mechanical properties (5)

A
  • Hardness
  • Resilience
  • Malleability
  • Ductility
  • Stiffness
  • Corrosion resistance
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2
Q

What is hardness ?

A

Resist deformation when hit.

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3
Q

What is resilience ?

A

Resist shock and impact with deforming

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4
Q

What is malleability ?

A

Can be compressed without breaking.

or flattened or bent without breaking

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5
Q

What is ductility ?

A

Can be stretched without breaking

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6
Q

What is stiffness ?

A

Can maintain shape when put through many constraints

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7
Q

What is corrosion resistance ?

A

Can resist smoke, salt and chemical properties.

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8
Q

What are the types of constraints ? (5)

A
  • Compression
  • Tension
  • Torsion
  • Deflection
  • Shearing
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9
Q

What is compression ?

A

Crushing the material

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10
Q

What is tension ?

A

Stretching the material

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11
Q

What is Torsion ?

A

Twist the material

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12
Q

What is Deflection ?

A

Bend the material

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13
Q

What is Shearing ?

A

Cutting the object

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14
Q

What are the types of deformations ? (3)

A
  • Elastic
  • Plastic
  • Fracture
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15
Q

What is the plastic deformation ?

A

Permanent change in shape of object

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16
Q

What is the elastic deformation ?

A

Constraints that leads to temporarily change in shape, when constraint is removed the shape returns to its original shape

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17
Q

What are some properties of plastic ?

A

-Durable
-Cheap (General)
-Light
-Sometimes transparent
others

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18
Q

What are plastic made from ?

A

Fossil fuels

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19
Q

What are fossil fuels made from ? (2)

A
  • Oil

- Gas

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20
Q

What is positive about plastic degradation ?

A

The process is slow, but irreversible

21
Q

What are signs of degradation ? (2)

A
  • Cracking

- Change in color

22
Q

What are the types of plastic ? (2)

A
  • Thermoplastics

- Thermosetting

23
Q

What are Thermoplastics ?

A

Plastic that becomes soft when heated so it can be molded or remolded and then hardens. Usually can recycled

24
Q

What are Thermosetting plastics ?

A

Plastic that remains permanently hard even when heated. once they are hardened the shape cannot be changed. Cant be recycleed

25
Q

How are Thermosetting plastics made ?

A

They are made by adding monomers to a mold, and

26
Q

How can you protect against penetration of liquid ?

A

By adding water proof coating

27
Q

How can you protect against oxidation ?

A

By adding anti oxidants

28
Q

How can you protect against ultraviolet rays ?

A

By adding dark pigments to absorb UV rays

29
Q

How are ceramics formed ? Explain the process

A

When inorganic compounds are heated, the water evaporates and the bonds between the compounds are rearranged to form ceramics

30
Q

How is low electrical conductivity used ?

A

They are used as insulators

31
Q

How is hardness used ?

A

Used in building material

32
Q

How is heat resistance and low thermal conductivity used ?

A

Kitchen appliances

33
Q

How is resistance to corrosion used ?

A

Used in ducts for fumes and

water coolant in your car

34
Q

How is resilient used ?

A

Used in engines.

35
Q

What are composites ?

A

Many materials combines to get a mix of properties ?

36
Q

What are matrix composites like ?

A

They are like skeletons

37
Q

What are reinforcement composites like ?

A

They are like muscles and fat

38
Q

What is fibreglass ? what are its properties ?

A

Made of glass (ceramics) in form of fibers

  • Stiffness
  • Corrosion resistance
39
Q

What is aramid fibers reinforcement ? what are its properties ?

A

Known as kelvar

  • Low density
  • Resilience
40
Q

What are carbon fibers reinforcement ? what are its properties ?

A

Obtained by carbonizing polymers

  • Stiffness
  • Low density
  • Electrical conductivity
41
Q

What are plastic matrix ? what are its properties ?

A

They are used as matrices, they are referred to as resins

  • Durability
  • Lightness
  • Resilience
  • Low cost
42
Q

What are metallic matrix ? what are its properties ?

A

made from metals or alloys

  • Ductility
  • conductivity
  • stiffness
43
Q

What are ceramic matrix ? what are its properties ?

A

Made from ceramics, often glass

  • Durability
  • Heat resistance
44
Q

What does plastic act as matrix or reinforcement ?

A

Matrix

45
Q

What does fibreglass act as matrix or reinforcement ?

A

Reinforcement

46
Q

What type of degradation does metals and alloys face ? and why ?

A

They can oxidise (rust) or chemically alter if they are exposed to acid, rain, salt, oxygen

47
Q

What are 2 types of protection for metals and alloys against degradation ? and why ?

A

-Coating
coat of paint because it block oxygen

-Heat treatments :(hardening and tempering)

48
Q

What are some characteristics of decidous trees ?

A

loose leaves, hardwood

49
Q

What are some characteristics of conifers trees ?

A

needles , evergreen , softwood

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