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Anatomy Final > The Superior and Posterior Mediastinum - gross > Flashcards

The Superior and Posterior Mediastinum - gross Flashcards

1
Q

What are the divisions of the Mediastinum?

A
  • Superior
  • Inferior
  • Anterior
  • Middle
  • Posterior
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2
Q

What 6 structures are found in the Superior mediastinum?

A
  • Thymus
  • SVC & great vv.
  • Arch of aorta & Great aa.
  • Vagus nn. & Phrenic nn.
  • Trachea & Esophagus
  • Thoracic duct
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3
Q

Why is the thymus?

A

Posterior to manubrium of sternum.

  • Lies anterior to brachiocephalic vv.
  • Functionally inactive & atrophies in adults.
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4
Q

Where is the thymus?

A

Posterior to manubrium of sternum.

  • Lies anterior to brachiocephalic vv.
  • Functionally inactive & atrophies in adults.
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5
Q

L. Branchiocephalic vein crosses _______ anteriorly.

A

Trachea

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6
Q

L. Brachiocephalic vein crosses _______ anteriorly.

A

Trachea

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7
Q

At what level does the Aortic arch begin and end?

A

T4-T5

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8
Q

Aorta arches over ____ & _____.

A

Bronchus & pulmonary trunk

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9
Q

_____ & _____ pass through the thoracic inlet between a vein and artery.

A

Vagus Nerves & Phrenic N.

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10
Q

Vagus provides what kind of innervation to thorax and abdomen?

A

Parasympathetic

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11
Q

Vagus Nerve provides what kind of innervation to thorax and abdomen?

A

Parasympathetic

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12
Q

______ Descends to poster root of lung.

A

Vagus

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13
Q

Phrenic Nerve provides what kind innervation to Diaphragm?

A

Somatic innervation

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14
Q

______ Descends to anterior root of the lung.

A

Phrenic nerve

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15
Q

_____ Descends immediately anterior to esophagus.

A

Trachea

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16
Q

Where does the trachea bifurcate (level)?

A

at inferior limit of superior Mediastinum

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17
Q

T or F, Numerous lymph nodes are found at the carina.

A

True

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18
Q

What is the carina?

A

Septum-like structure where R & L main bronchi split.

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19
Q

Which bronchi usually aspirate foreign objects?

A

The right main bronchus because its shorter, wider, and more vertically orient than left bronchus.

20
Q

What are the two types of Esophageal Hiatus?

A

Type I: sliding hiatal hernia

Type II: Paraesophageal hernia

21
Q

Describe type I esophageal hiatus…

A
  • Stomach slides freely into thorax
  • most common
  • often asymptomatic
22
Q

Describe type II esophageal hiatus….

A
  • fundus

- Often fixed in position risking gastric blood supply.

23
Q

Infection may spread from retropharyngeal space into _______.

A

Danger Space

24
Q

What is found in the Posterior Mediastinum?

A
  • Esophagus & esophageal plexus
  • Azygous system of vv.
    Descending Aorta
  • Thoracic duct
  • thoracic splanchnic nn.
25
Q

______ joins to form plexus around the esophagus (Esophageal plexus).

A

Vagus nn.

26
Q

L. Vagus N. = ?

A

Anterior Vagal trunk

27
Q

R. Vagus N. = ?

A

Posterior vagal trunk

28
Q

Both Vagal trunks pass through diaphragm with _____.

A

esophagus

29
Q

__________ drains intercostal vv from right side of thorax.

A

Azygous V.

30
Q

______ & _______ drains left thorax.

A

Hemiazygos & accessory hemiazygous vv.

31
Q

______ & _______ drains left thorax.

A

Hemiazygos & accessory hemiazygous vv.

*Both drain to azygous V.

32
Q

Where does Azygous V. drain?

A

Arches over right superior bronchus to drain into SVC

33
Q

______ lies just L of esophagus.

A

Descending Aorta

34
Q

Descending aorta gives rise to what?

A
  • posterior intercostal aa. supplying thorax.

- supplies branches to trachea, bronchi & esophagus.

35
Q

Where is the thoracic duct?

A

Posterior to esophagus & anterior to vertebral bodies.

36
Q

Where is the thoracic duct?

A

Posterior to esophagus & anterior to vertebral bodies.

*Between azygous v. & descending aorta.

37
Q

______ Enters the Venous angle between L subclavian V. & Left IJV.

A

thoracic duct

38
Q

What does the thoracic duct do?

A

drains lymph from entire body below diaphragm.

39
Q

________ is accumulation of lymph in pleural cavity.

A

chylothorax

40
Q

________ is accumulation of lymph in pleural cavity.

A

chylothorax

41
Q

What causes chylothorax?

A

Results from torn or leaking thoracic duct.

*Looks like massive white haze in chest cavity of x-ray film.

42
Q

What are the 2 thoracic branches from ganglia?

A

1st = postgang. symp. to thoracic viscera.

2nd = preganglionic symp. innervate the abdomen (not thorax)

  • grater splanchnic nn.
  • lesser splanchnic nn
  • least splanchinic nn.
43
Q

Thoracic Autonomic sympathetic nerves originate from what level?

A

T1-T5

44
Q

Thoracic autonomic parasymp. nerves originate from where?

A

CN X

45
Q

What 3 nerves commingle to form thoracic plexus of nerves?

A
  • cardiac
  • Pulmonary
  • Esophageal

Anatomy Final (15 decks)

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