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Anatomy Final > Heart - Gross > Flashcards

Heart - Gross Flashcards

1
Q

Which division of the Mediastinum is the heart in?

A

Middle mediastinum

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2
Q

What are the 3 layers of the Heart wall?

A
  1. Epicardium = superficial
  2. Myocardium
  3. Endocardium = Deep
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3
Q

What does the Ligamentum Arteriosum do?

A

Connects the left pulmonary artery & Arch of the aorta.

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4
Q

____ is a remnant of fetal ductus arteriousus.

A

Ligamentum Arteriosum

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5
Q

What is the blood flow through the body?

A

Body –> SVC, IVC, & Coronary Sinus –> R. Atrium –> R. Ventricle –> Pulmonary Trunk –> Pulmonary arteries –> Lungs –> Pulmonary veins –> L. Atrium –> L. Ventricle –> Aorta –> Body

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6
Q

What is are the 4 valves of the heart?

A

R. AV valve
Pulmonary Valve
Aortic Valve
L. AV valve

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7
Q

What is the septum of the heart?

A

Interventricular septum

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8
Q

What is are the 4 valves of the heart?

A

R. AV valve (Tricuspid)
Pulmonary (Semilunar)
Aortic (Semilunar) Valve
L. AV valve (Mitral bicuspid)

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9
Q

What is the function of the AV valves?

A

Allows blood flow from atria into ventricles and prevents blood flow back into atria when ventricles contract.

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10
Q

What is the function of Semilunar valves?

A

Allow blood out of ventricles into arteries when ventricles contract. Then doesn’t allow back flow of blood back into ventricles when they relax.

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11
Q

What are the two types of valve problems?

A
  1. incompetence (allows back flow of blood)

2. stenosis

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12
Q

_______ travels with Anterior IV artery in anterior IV sulcus.

A

Great Cardiac Vein

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13
Q

Where does the Great Cardiac Vein drain to?

A

Empties into the Cardiac sinus posteriorly

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14
Q

Anterior Cardiac Veins pass superficial to ______.

A

Right Coronary Artery

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15
Q

Where does the Anterior Cardiac Veins drain to?

A

Empties directly into right atrium.

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16
Q

What are the branches of the Right coronary Artery?

A
  1. Right Marginal branch
  2. Posterior IV artery (termination)
  3. Ant. Right atrial branch
    • Sinuatrial nodal branch
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17
Q

The left Coronary Artery immediately divides into _______ & ________.

A
  1. Anterior Interventricular A.
    - L. anterior descending A.
  2. Circumflex A.
    - L. marginal branch
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18
Q

T or F, Frequently one Coronary A. is dominant.

A

True, the dominant one gives off the Posterior IV A.

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19
Q

R. Coronary A. is dominant ___% of the time.

A

about 65% of the time

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20
Q

L. Coronary A. is dominant about ____% of the time.

A

about 15% of the time

21
Q

Balanced arterial pattern occurs about ______% of the time.

A

20%

22
Q

What is Coronary artery disease?

A

Occlusion of major coronary artery, usually due to antherosclerosis, leads to inadequate oxygenation of an area of myocardium and cell death.

23
Q

What is a Myocardial infarct (MI)?

A

(heart attack) Occurs when perfusion to myocardium is insufficient tot meet the metabolic needs of the tissue.

24
Q

What are the symptoms of a MI?

A
  • Classic heaviness/ pressure

- Pain radiating to arm (left generally)

25
Q

______ is commonly used for bypass grafts.

A

Great Saphenous vein

26
Q

______ is commonly used for bypass grafts.

A

Great Saphenous vein

  • harvested from ant./med. region of the thigh or leg.
  • can be sutured into aorta & distal branch of Coronary A.
27
Q

_____ & _____ may also be used for coronary bypass graft.

A

Int. thoracic A & Radial A.

28
Q

T or F, Heart has the ability to maintain confection system without CNS innervation.

A

True

29
Q

_____ does affect rate of heartbeat.

A

ANS

30
Q

_________ increase heart rate.

A

Sympathetic innervation from T1-T5

31
Q

_________ decreases heart rate.

A

Parasympathetic innervation from Vagus N.

32
Q

______ & ______ both contribute to both superficial and deep cardiac plexuses of nerves.

A

SNS & PNS

33
Q

_____ is the “pacemaker” of the heart.

A

Sinatrial (SA) node

34
Q

What makes up the Conduction system of the heart?

A

SA node
AV node
AV bundle
AV bundle branches R & L

35
Q

Damage to conduction system results _____.

A

Cardiac arrhymthmias

36
Q

Damage to AV node will cause _______.

A

Heart block

37
Q

_____ may be inserted to control the contractions.

A

Pacemaker

38
Q

Where is pacemaker placed?

A

Placed in contact with endocardium of ventricular wall

39
Q

Electrode terminal of pacemaker is firmly fixed to _______.

A

Trabeculae carneae

40
Q

What attaches to the papillary muscles?

A

Chordae Tendoneae

41
Q

What do the papillary muscles do?

A

Papillary muscles contract and tighten chordae tendineae preventing valve flaps from everting into atria.

42
Q

Where is the Fossa ovalis?

A

In right atrium

*Used to be Foramen Ovale (embryological)

43
Q

What are the 3 papillary muscles of the Right Ventricle?

A

Ant, post, and Septal papillary muscles

* (Ant. Is largest!)

44
Q

What are the 3 cusps of the Right AV valve?

A

Ant.
Post.
Septal cusp

45
Q

What is the roughened muscular walls of the ventricle?

A

Trabeculae Carne

46
Q

What is the roughened muscular wall of the atrium?

A

Pectinate muscle

47
Q

Where do coronary arteries originate from?

A

Aorta

48
Q

Where is AV node located?

A

Just superior to opening of coronary sinus.

Anatomy Final (15 decks)

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