Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Anatomy Final > Respiratory System - Histo > Flashcards

Respiratory System - Histo Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 5 main functions of the Respiratory system?

A 
1. Air conduction
2 air filtration
3. Gas exchange
4. Speech = air through larynx 
5. Olfaction = air passing over olfactory mucosa in the nasal cavities carries stimuli for sense of smell.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are the 5 main functions of the Respiratory system?

A 
1. Air conduction
2 air filtraion
3. Gas exchange
4. Speech = air through larynx 
5. Olfaction = air passing over olfactory mucosa in the nasal cavities carries stimuli for sense of smell.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are the two functional divisions of the respiratory system?

A
  1. Conducting Division

2. Respiratory Divison

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What structures are part of the Conducting division?

A

Nose, pharynx, Larynx, Trachea, Bronchi, and Bronchioles (Including terminal Bronchioles)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What structures are part of the Respiratory division?

A

Respiratory bronchioles, alveolar ducts, alveolar sacs and alveoli.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is the Respiratory division?

A

Where gas exchange takes place.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is the Conducting Divison?

A

Air passageways that lead to gas exchange areas of respiration.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is the Conducting Division?

A

Air passageways that lead to gas exchange areas of respiration.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

________ (coming from right side of heart) enter the lung with the bronchi and branch as they follow the Bronchiole tree.

A

Pulmonary blood vessels .

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

How is air conditioned as it passes through the Conducting division?

A
  • Warming
  • Moistening
  • Removal of Particulate materials
  • Mucous and serous secretions moisten air, trap particles.
  • Cilia sweep contaminated mucous to pharynx to be swallowed.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Typically, what kind of cells make up respiratory epithelium?

A 
Ciliated Pseudostratified Columnar epithelium 
HAS:
- Ciliated columnar cells
- Goblet cells (mucous)
- basal Cells = stem cells
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What 3 tissues comprise the majority of the conducting systems walls?

A
  1. Mucosa ( respiratory epithelium)
  2. Submucosa = connective tissue slightly dense than the connective tissue of the lamina propria; contains blood vessels that may
  3. Adventitia = composed of connective tissue that binds component to adjacent structures.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Where is the pharynx what what is its function?

A
  • connects nasal an oral cavities to larynx and esophagus.

- passage for food and air.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

The Pharynx is divided regionally into the ________ poster to the nasal cavity and the _______ posterior to oral cavity and the ______ (begins at the level of the superior border of the upright epiglottis and opens into the esophagus and larynx.)

A

Nasopharynx
Oropharynx
Laryngopharynx

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

_____ is an air passageway only.

A

Nasopharynx

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

______ & ______ are air and food passageways.

A

Oropharynx and Laryngopharynx

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

______ & _____ consist of Nonkeritainized stratified squamous epithelium.

A

Oropharynx & Laryngopharynx

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

_____ consists of Pseudostratifed columnar epithelium.

A

Nasopharynx

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

When swallowing the ______ & ____ move superiorly to close of the nasopharynx.

A

uvula and soft palate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

____ is continuous with both the esophagus and the Larynx: extends from an upright epiglottis to the Larynx.

A

Laryngopharynx

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What is the Larynx?

A

Passage for air between the Laryngopharynx and trachea.

*Serves as organ for speech.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What is the Larynx made of?

A

Mostly respiratory epithelium, but the luminal surface of the vocal folds is covered with nonkeratinized stratified squamous epithelium along with a large portion of the epiglottis.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

______ contains irregular shaped plates of cartilage that are important for animating open airway .

A

The Larynx

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

_____ & _____ are made from Hyaline Cartilage.

A

Thyroid & Cricoid cartilages

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

_____, _____, & ______ are made from elastic Cartilage.

A

Epiglottis, Cuneiform and Corniculate Cartilages.

26
Q

What structures are made of a mix of elastic and Hyaline cartilage?

A

Arytenoid Cartilages

27
Q

What does the epiglottis do?

A

Closes of entrance to larynx when swallowing.

28
Q

What do Intrinsic muscles do?

A

Pull on arytenoid cartilage tightening or loosening the vocal cords to change pitch.

29
Q

Describe the structure of the trachea.

A

Short, flexible, air tube, 10 cm; Conduit for air. Lies anterior to Esophagus.
- Contains “C” shaped rings of hyaline cartilage (16-20 rings). opening of C is posterior and is crossed by fibroelastic tissue and smooth muscle (tracheal muscle.)

30
Q

At end, trachea divides into the ________.

A

2 primary Bronchi

31
Q

What are the layers of the Trachea?

A

Mucosa

  • Respiratory epithelium on THICK basement membrane
  • Lamina propr. with lots of elastic fibers.

Submucosa
- Relatively loose connective tissue with submucosal glands composed of mucus secreting acini with serous demilunes.

Cartilaginous Layer with trachiealis muscle.

Adventitia

32
Q

What is the pathway f air through the Conducting division?

A

Larynx, trachea, Primary bronchi, secondary bronchi, tertiary bronchi, bronchioles , terminal bronchioles

33
Q

What happens as conducting division branches?

A
  • Branches get smaller
  • amount of cartilage decreases
  • Amount of sooth muscle increases
  • height of lining epithelial cells decreases
34
Q

Right lung has ____ lobes.

A

3 lobes *and 3 lobar (secondary) bronchi branches

35
Q

Left lung has ___ lobes.

A

2 lobes *and 2 lobar (secondary) bronchi branches

36
Q

_________ main bronchus is much shorter , wider and vertical that the other. (Clinical significance).

A

Right

* objects More likely to get aspirated into right than left bronchi.

37
Q

Each segmental bronchi (tertiary) entes a _____ segment of the lung.

A

Bronchopulmonary

38
Q

Each segmental bronchi (tertiary) entes a _____ segment of the lung.

A

Bronchopulmonary segment

39
Q

_____ lung has 8-10 bronchopulmonary segments.

A

Left (8-10) tertiary bronchi

40
Q

____ lung has 10 bronchopulmonary Segments.

A

Right (10 tertiary Bronchi)

41
Q

T or F, Each bronchopulmonary segment has its own blood supply and connective tissue septa.

A

True, this make it convent for surgical resection of a segment.

42
Q

Describe the structure of the Bronchioles.

A
  • 1mm or less in diameter
  • No cartilage in walls
  • no glands in submucosa.
  • epithelium changes from pseudostratfied columnar epithelium to ciliated simple columnar epithelium to ciliated simple cuboidal epithelium.
  • Goblet cells present only in larger bronchioles.
43
Q

What is the smallest bronchiole (terminal bronchiole) lined with?

A

Ciliated simple cuboidal epithelium

44
Q

____ are the first place that allow gas exchange.

A

Respiratory Bronchioles (after terminal bronchioles)

45
Q

After the Terminal bronchioles, where does air go?

A

Respiratory bronchioles –> Alveolar ducts –> Alveolar sacs –> alveoli

46
Q

________ lined by cuboidal epithelium that rests on small bundle of eosinophil material.

A

Respiratory Bronchiole

47
Q

_____ has ciliated and Nonciliated Clara cells.

A

Respiratory Bronchioles

48
Q

____ Contains only non ciliated clara cells.

A

Terminal Bronchioles

49
Q

_____ elongated airways that have almost no walls, only alveoli as peripheral boundary.

A

Alveolar ducts

50
Q

_____ are elongated airways that have almost no walls, only alveoli as peripheral boundary.

A

Alveolar ducts

51
Q

__________Are spaces surrounded by clusters of alveoli.

A

Alveolar sac

52
Q

Where do alveolar sacs typically occur?

A

typically occurs at the termination of the alveolar duct,

53
Q

____ are 150-250 million per lung and create internal surface area of 75m squared.

A

Alveoli.

54
Q

The wall of the alveoli between two alveoli is known as ______.

A

Alveolar Septum, septal wall or inter alveolar septum

55
Q

The Alveolar septum contains 5 different types of cells, what are they?

A
  1. Type 1 alveolar cells
  2. Type 2 Alveolar cells
  3. Alveolar Macorphages
  4. Endothelial Cells
  5. Fibroblasts.
56
Q

_____ produce elastic fibers.

A

Fibroblasts

57
Q

____ compose wall of capillary.

A

Endothelial cells

58
Q

________ can be found in the connective tissue of septum and Phagocytize inhaled particulate matter and RBCs.

A

Alveolar macrophages

59
Q

_____ cover 5% of alveolar surface. Discharge phospholipid called surfactant which keeps the alveoli from collapsing with inhalation.

A

Type 2 Alveolar cells

60
Q

_____ are alveolar surface epithelial cells; squamous cells lines 95% of alveolar surface.

A

Type 1 alveolar cells.

61
Q

The air in an alveolus and the blood in the capillary is separated by a ______.

A

Respiratory membrane called the blood-air barrier.

62
Q

What makes up the Blood-air barrier?

A
  1. Surface lining and cytoplasm of the alveolar cells.
  2. Fused basal laminae of the Alveolar cells and capillary endothelial cells.
  3. Cytoplasm of the endothelial cells

Anatomy Final (15 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions