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Bushong Rad Physics > The Structure Of Matter > Flashcards

The Structure Of Matter Flashcards

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1
Q

Greek Atom

A

Atomos means indivisible

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2
Q

How many elements are there

A

112

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3
Q

How many elements are naturally occurring and artificial

A

92 naturally occurring, 20 artificially produced

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4
Q

Smallest particle that has all the properties of an element

A

Atom

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5
Q

Particle smaller than atom

A

Subatomic Particles

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6
Q

Hook-and-eye affair

A

Dalton Atom

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7
Q

Showe that elements can be classified acc to integral values if atomic mass

A

John Dalton 1808

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8
Q

First periodic table of elements

A

Dmitri Mendeleev

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9
Q

Group 1 elements, all soft metals combine readily w/ oxygen and violent w/ water

A

Alkali Metals

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10
Q

Group VII elements
, Easily vaporized & combine with metals to
form water-soluble salts

A

Halogens

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11
Q

Group VIII elements
 Highly resistant to reaction with other
elements

A

Noble Gas

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12
Q

Plum pudding

A

Thomson Atom

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13
Q 
He investigated the physical properties of 
cathode rays (electrons)
A

J.J. Thomson (1890)

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14
Q

He described the atom as containing a small,
dense, positively charged center surrounded
by a negative cloud of electrons

A

Ernest Rutherford (1911)

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15
Q

He described the atom as containing a small,
dense, positively charged center surrounded
by a negative cloud of electrons

A

Ernest Rutherford (1911)

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16
Q

Miniature solar system

A

Bohr Atom (1913)

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17
Q

More accurately described the details of

atomic structure

A

Quantum-chromodynamics (QCD)

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18
Q

Atom smasher, used in mapping the structure of atomic

nucleus

A

Particle Accelerator

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19
Q

It is composed of quarks & gluons

(subatomic particles

A

Nucleons

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20
Q

fundamental particles of an atom

A

electron, proton & the neutron

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21
Q

The mass of a neutral atom of an element

A

Atomic Mass Unit

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22
Q

Number of protons plus number of neutrons

in the nucleus

A

Atomic Mass Number

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23
Q

Same number of electrons & protons

A

Neutral Atom

24
Q

Determine the chemical behavior of an atom

A

Number of Protons

25
Q

Same number of protons, but different

number of neutrons

A

Isotopes

26
Q

Max No. Of outer shell

A

Eight

27
Q

Maximum Electrons Per Shell

A

2n2

28
Q

The shell number

A

Principal Quantum Number

29
Q

Orderly Scheme of Atomic Progression

A

Interrupted in fourth period

30
Q

Atoms associated with the phenomenon
orderly scheme of atomic progression

A

Transitional elements

31
Q

The force that keeps an electron in orbit

A

Centripetal Force

32
Q

The force that causes an electron to travel

straight and leave the atom

A

Centrifugal Force

33
Q

The strength of attachment of an electron to

the nucleus

A

Electron Binding Energy

34
Q

The primary constituents of x-ray tube target

A

Tungsten (W-74) & Molybdenum (Mo-42)

35
Q

Radiographic & fluoroscopic contrast agents

A

Barium (Ba-56) & Iodine (I-53)

36
Q

The important component of human tissue

A

Carbon (C-6)

37
Q

The amount of energy (34 keV) necessary to

ionize tissue atoms

A

Ionization Potential

38
Q

The alphabetic abbreviations of an element

A

Chemical Symbols

39
Q

It determines the chemical properties of an

element

A

Number & Arrangement of Electrons

40
Q

Atomic number

A

Number of Protons

41
Q

Number protons plus number of neutrons

A

Atomic Mass Number

42
Q

it is the arbitrary standard for

atomic measure

A

Carbon-12 Atom

43
Q

It is determined by the relative abundance of

isotopes & their respective atomic masses

A

Elemental Mass

44
Q

It occurs when the nucleus contains too few

or too many neutrons

A

Technetium-99m (Tc-43)

45
Q

Radioactive atoms that have the same

number of protons

A

Radioisotopes

46
Q

Two primary source of naturally occurring

radioisotopes

A

Uranium (U-92) & Carbon-14

47
Q

It occurs in all radioisotopes

A

Beta Emission

48
Q

It occurs only in heavy radioisotopes

A

Alpha Emission

49
Q

The time required for a quantity of
radioactivity to be reduced to one-half its
original value

A

Radioactive Half-life

50
Q

It described the rate of radioactive decay &
the quantity of material present at any given
time

A

Radioactive Decay Law

51
Q

Five Physical Characteristics of Ionizing Radiation

A

Mass, Energy, Velocity, Charge & Origin

52
Q

It has finite range in matter

A

Particulate Radiation

53
Q

The same with mass electrons

A

Positive beta particles

54
Q

The same with electrons, only differ in origin

A

Negative Beta Particles

55
Q

No mass and no charge, travels in the soeed of light

A

Photons

56
Q

Type of radiation used in MRI and UTZ

A

Non-ionizing radiation

Bushong Rad Physics (8 decks)

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