Electricity, Magnetism & Electromagnetism Ch 5 Flashcards by Raisa Reyes

X-ray Imaging System Primary function

to convert electric energy into electromagnetic energy

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The study of stationary electric charges

Electrostatics

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The object that has too few or too many

electrons

Electrified

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The process of adding or removing electrons

from an object

Electrification

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Electrification is created by…

contact, friction or by induction

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The object that behaves as a reservoir for

stray electric charges

Electric Ground

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Electrostatic Laws is

-Unlike charges attract
-Like charge repel
-Electric field radiate out from positive
charge
-Electric field radiate toward a negative
charge
-Uncharged particles do not have electric
field

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The lines of force exerted on charged ions in

the tissues by the electrodes

Electric Field

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The force of attraction between unlike

charges or repulsion between like charges

Electrostatic Force

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The electrostatic force is directly 
proportional to the product of the 
electrostatic charges & inversely 
proportional to the square of the distance 
between them

Coulomb’s Law

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The study of electric charges in motion

Electrodynamics

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Work with electric current

Electrical Engineer

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Four States of Matter

Conductor, Insulator, Semiconductor,

Superconductor

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Any substance through which electrons flow

easily

Conductor

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Any material that does not allow electron

flow

Insulator

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A material that some conditions behaves as

an insulator & as a conductor

Semiconductor

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Any material that allows electrons to flow

without resistance

Superconductor

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He demonstrated semiconduction

William Shockley (1946)

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The property of some matter to exhibit no

resistance below a critical temperature

Superconductivity (1911)

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The path of electron flow from the
generating source through the various
components & back again

Electric Circuits

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Increasing electric resistance results in a…

reduced electric current

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The flow of electrons through a conductor

Electric Current/Electricity

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It is measured in volts (V)

Electric Potential

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It is measured in ohms (Ω)

Electric Resistance

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The voltage across the total circuit or any portion of the circuit is equal to the current times the resistance

Ohm’s Law

Ohm’s Law Formula

V = IR; R = V/I; I = V/R

Two Basic Types of Electric Circuits

Series & Parallel Circuits

All circuit elements are connected in a line | along the same conductor

Series Circuit

Elements are connected at their ends rather | than lying in a line along a conductor

Parallel Circuit

Electrons that flow in only one direction

Direct Current

Electrons that flow alternately in opposite | direction

Alternating Current (AC)

The graphic representation of a wave

Waveform

It is measured in watts (W)

Electric Power

Lodestone or leading stone

Magnetite

The fundamental property of some forms of | matter

Magnetism

Any charged particle in motion creates a...

magnetic field

A property created when electrons behave as | if they rotate on its axis

Electron Spin

A nuclear magnetic dipole created when magnetic field is created by spinning electric charge, the basis of MRI

Magnetic Moment

The lines of a magnetic field are always...

closed loop

A magnet that has two poles

Dipolar/Bipolar

The small magnet created by the electron | orbit

Magnetic Dipole

An accumulation of many atomic magnets | with their dipoles aligned

Magnetic Domain

The ability of a material to attract the lines | of magnetic field intensity

Magnetic Permeability

Magnets are classified according to the origin | of...

the magnetic property

Three Principal Types of Magnets

- Naturally occurring magnets - Artificially produced permanent magnets: - Electromagnets

A magnet that gets its magnetism from the | Earth

Natural Magnet

A magnet whose magnetism is induced | artificially

Permanent Magnet

A coil or wire wrapped around an iron core | that intensifies the magnetic field

Electromagnet

Four Magnetic States of Matter

Nonmagnetic, Diamagnetic, Paramagnetic, | & Ferromagnetic

Unaffected by magnetic field

Nonmagnetic

Weakly repelled from both poles of a | magnetic field

Diamagnetic

Weakly attracted to both poles of a magnetic | field

Paramagnetic

It can be strongly magnetized

Ferromagnetic

The degree to which a material can be | magnetized

Magnetic Susceptibility

A condition wherein some materials that are very susceptible are also reluctant to lose their magnetism

Hysteresis

The magnetically charged end of a materi

Pole

The process of making ferromagnetic | material magnetic

Magnetic Induction

The imaginary magnetic field lines

Magnetic Lines of Induction

An excellent temporary magnet

Soft Iron

The force of attraction between unlike poles | or repulsion between like poles

Magnetic Force

He observed that a dissected frog leg twitched when touched by two different metals

Luigi Galvani (1700’s)

HE Contributed on the development of | batter

Alessandro Volta

Any device that converts some form of | energy directly into electric energy

Source of Electromotive Force

He demonstrated that electricity can be used | to generate magnetic fields

Hans Oersted (1820)

Any charge in motion induces a...

Magnetic field

It determines the direction of the magnetic | field

Right Hand Rule

A coil of wire

Solenoid

A current-carrying coil of wire wrapped | around an iron core

Electromagnet

An electric current is induced in a circuit if some part of that circuit is in a changing magnetic field e.g radio reception

Electromagnetic Induction

He observed the current in a changing | magnetic field

Michael Faraday

The first law of electromagnetic

Faraday’s Law

Varying magnetic field intensity induces an...

electric current

Electromagnetic Devices

Electric motor, Electric Generator & | Transformes

Electric current produces mechanical motion

Electric Motor

Mechanical motion produces electric current

Electric Generator

It changes the intensity of alternating | voltage & current

Transformer

A type of motor used with x-rays tubes

Induction Motor

The change in voltage is directly proportional to the ratio of the number of turns (windings) in the secondary coil (Ns) to the number of turns in the primary coil (Np)

Transformer Law

Transformer Law Formula

Vs/Vp = Ns/Np

Turns ratio greater than 1

Step-uo Transformer

Turns ratio less than 1

Step-down Transformer

Types of Transformers

Closed-core, Autotransformer & Shell-type

A square core of ferromagnetic materials built up of laminated layers of iron

Closed-core Transformer

A current that opposes the magnetic field that induced it, creating a loss of transformer efficiency

Eddy Current

It consists of one winding of wire & varies | in voltage & current by self-induction

Autotransformer

It confines more of the magnet field lines of | the primary winding

Shell-type Transformer