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Molecular Microbiology > The Stringent Response > Flashcards

The Stringent Response Flashcards

1
Q

The Stringent Response

A

Bacterial stress response to nutritional starvation e.g. amino acid, carbon and phosphate

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2
Q

NDK

A

nucleoside diphospate kinase GDP -> GTP

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3
Q

SPOT*

A

Bifunctional (p)ppGpp synthase/hydrolase SpoT regulatory enzyme

Mn2+ cofactor

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4
Q

(p)ppGpp

A

ppGpp binds to alpha subunits in ribosomes and changes specificity to certain promoters

ppGppp is a signal molecule that destabilises promoters and inhibits transcription initiation w Dksa

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5
Q

RelA

A

ppGpp synthase
found in every 1 out of 200 ribosomes
activated by uncharged tRNA in ribosome A site

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6
Q

Relaxed mutants

A

mutant RelA/Spot genes + don’t show stringent response when starved of nutrients

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7
Q

How is ppGppp formed

A

RelA and SpoT pathways

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8
Q

RelA pathway

A

uncharged tRNA in A site of ribsome stalls protein synthesis
RelA triggered via conformation change into open form and can cause ppGppp synthesis

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9
Q

SpoT pathway

A

Synthetase ppGppp from GTP

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10
Q

Magic Spot 1

A

ppGpp

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11
Q

Magic Spot 2

A

ppGppp

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12
Q

Acyl Carrier Protein

A

Cofactor of both fatty acid and polyketide biosynthesis machinery.

Interacts w SpoT to shift between synthase and hydrolase

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13
Q

RSH

A

RelA/SpoT Homologue (RSH) protein family

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14
Q

rplL gene

A

encodes ribosomal protein L12

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15
Q

rplA gene

A

encodes ribosomal protein L1

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16
Q

evidence for translational autorepression

A

even when chromosome copies are increased, gene product numbers remain the same

17
Q

rrn operon

A

Ribosomal RNA operon
UP|P|16S|tRNA|23S|5S|tRNA

18
Q

H-NS

A

Histone like nucleoid restructuring protein
Binds to rrn promoter and polymerises around it
Inhibits RNAP binding to promoter
Binds 2 distant regions of DNA together

19
Q

UP element

A

UP elements interact directly with the C-terminal domain of the α subunit of RNAP (αCTD) in holoenzymes containing σ70 or alternative σ factors
Increase affinity of RNAP to promoter
AT rich regions upstream of promoters

20
Q

FIS

A

Factor for inversion stimulation
Transcriptional activation of rRNA and tRNA operons
Binds to promoter near UP elements
Formation of transcription factories

21
Q

rrn promoter

A

strong/tight RNAP binding
consensus sequence
forms short lived open complexes (held open by ATP/GTP)

22
Q

Dksa

A

DNAK suppressor protein
Global transcriptional regulator
Works in conjunction with ppGpp
RNAP binding factor - causes formation of ppGpp binding site on RNAP secondary channel

Molecular Microbiology (19 decks)

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