The Statistical Estimation Flashcards

1
Q

What is a Point Estimate?

A

Single value estimated for a variable of interest

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2
Q

What does a Point Estimate provide?

A

Useful information about population parameters but no information about precision of estimate

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3
Q

What are examples of Point Estimate?

A

Mean and Proportion

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4
Q

What is an Interval Estimate?

A

A range of values constructed around a point estimate with a certain level of acceptable error

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5
Q

What does a Interval Estimate provide?

A

Understand the precision of an estimate

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6
Q

What does a Wider interval estimate mean?

A

Less precision

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7
Q

What does a Narrower estimate mean?

A

More precision

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8
Q

What is an example of Interval Estimate?

A

Confidence Interval

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9
Q

What is a Confidence Interval?

A

Contain the population parameter respective of a specified percentage of the time

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10
Q

What does a Confidence Interval provide?

A

A level of certainty about the point estimate being able to represent the true value of a population parameter

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11
Q

What does a Confidence Interval represent?

A

The reliability of a point estimate to represent the true value of a population parameter

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12
Q

What is the equation for Confidence Interval CI?

A

Point Estimate +/- (Critical Value)(SE)

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13
Q

What is the Z Critical Value for a = 0.05?

A

1.96

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14
Q

What is the Z Critical Value for a = 0.01

A

2.58

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15
Q

Does changing the point estimate change the width of the interval?

A

NO

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16
Q

What is SE?

A

Standard of Error of the estimate

17
Q

What does SE represent?

A

Represents the sampling error associated with the particular estimate

18
Q

What are the types of SE?

A

Mean and Proportion

19
Q

What changes when calculating CI?

A

SE specifically the type aka Mean or Proportion

20
Q

SE Mean Formula

A

SD/ (square root of n)

21
Q

SE Proportion Formula

A

(Square Root of (p (1-p)/ n))
OR
Square Root of (pq) / n

22
Q

What is p in the SE Proportion?

A

P = proportion
1 - p = q

23
Q

What is a Probabilistic Approach?

A

Probability of the interval containing the population estimate in repeated samples

24
Q

What is a True Approach?

A

States that the true variable (mean or proportion) can be as low as the calculated low bound and as high as the calculated upper bound with a certain level of confidence

25
Q

Ex. At least 95 out of 100 times with the mean falling between X and Y

A

Probabilistic

26
Q

Ex. With 95% confidence the true mean can be as low as X and as high as Y

A

True

27
Q

What causes for a WIDER CI Width?

A
  1. Increase % Confidence
  2. Decrease Alpha
  3. Increase Standard Error
  4. Decrease Sample Size
28
Q

What causes for a NARROWER CI Width?

A
  1. Decrease % Confidence
  2. Increase Alpha
  3. Decrease Standard Error
  4. Increase Sample Size
29
Q

Wider CI Intervals means what?

A

Less Precise Estimate

30
Q

Narrower CI Intervals means what?

A

More Precise Estimate

31
Q

If the Confidence Interval does NOT contain the NULL Value =

A

REJECT the null hypothesis

32
Q

If the Confidence Interval DOES contain the NULL Value =

A

We FAIL to reject the null hypothesis

33
Q

What is the null value for a test of DIFFERENCE?

A

= 0
0 = NOT different from each other

34
Q

What is the null value for a test of ratios (2 quantities

A

=1