The Scientific Approach to Research and Practice Flashcards
Biomedical Research
Research that deals with biological and medical sciences to understand and improve the health of patients and populations
What are the types of biomedical research?
Basic, Applied, and Clinical
Basic Research
Systematic study directed toward fuller knowledge of understanding of the fundamental aspects of phenomena and of observable facts without specific applications towards processes or products in mind
Applied Research
Systemic study to gain knowledge or understanding necessary to determine the means by which a recognized and specific need may be met
What is Research and Development and what does it fall under?
Applied Research; increase the stock of knowledge of men, culture and society, and the use of knowledge to devise new applications (IND/NDA)
Clinical Research
Aims to advance medical knowledge by studying people, either through direct interactions or through the collection and analysis of blood, tissues, or other samples
What are the types of clinical research?
Patient Oriented, Epidemiological, and Health Services
Patient Oriented Research
Focused on the patient perspective, psychology of medication, effect of drug therapies, interventions, and technology/device use in humans
Epidemiological Research
Databases, prevalence of disease, health behavior, and health in general
Health Services Research
Design, implement, and evaluate services, efficiency of treatment, intervention, and new policies
What is Translational Research?
Getting the basic research out into the community
What are the 4 steps in the process of scientific inquiry?
- Pose a research question and hypothesis
- Develop and implement a research plan
- Perform data collection and analysis
- Prepare a research report
What are the FINER characteristics?
F: feasible
I: interesting
N: novel
E: ethical
R: relevant
What should be considered when posing a research question and hypothesis?
Patient, intervention, comparator, outcomes, timeline, and setting PICOTS
What are the components of PICOTS?
Population
Intervention
Comparator
Outcomes
Timing
Setting
Where do design classification and research method fall under?
Step 2: develop and implement a research plan
What are the two research design classifications?
Experimental and Observational
Experimental Research Plan
Strongest design to test research hypothesis
Observational Research Plan
Designs like cohort study or cross-sectional studies provide the evidence of associations/relationships
What is the Primary Method?
Specific data collection using self-reported observations, biological assessments
What is the Secondary Method?
Use of previously collected data for purposes such as patient care or reimbursement
Statistical analysis falls under what step of the scientific inquiry?
Step Three: perform data collection and analysis
What is Descriptive Statistics?
Measures like means, median, and modes are often used to summarize the sample characteristics
What is the Inferential Statistics?
T-test or analysis of variance are used to make inferences from the sample to the population
What are the sections included in a research report?
Introduction, Method, Results, and Discussion
