The State and Globalisation Flashcards
How many of the richest entities of the world are corporations?
69
What is global governance?
The management of global policies in the absence of a central government/sovereign power (Heywood).
It involves a variety of actors.
Name five examples of actors.
States
TNCs
IGOs (UN, NATO, EU)
NGOs (Oxfam)
Other non-state actors (ISIS, FIFA, IOC)
According to the 1933 Montevideo Convention what does a state have?
A defined territory
A permanent population
An effective government (hold sovereignty)
Relations with other states (foreign policy)
What convention defined what a state is?
The 1933 Montevideo Convention
What is sovereignty?
Supreme power or authority
What was thought of as the first treaty?
The 1648 Treaty of Westphalia which ended a 30 year war.
What did the 1648 Treaty of Westphalia do?
Established the Westphalian System.
What is the Westphalian system?
States are sovereign- must leave them alone and respect their sovereignty.
Sovereign states are equal (in theory)
Is the state system a European idea and how was it exported?
Yes
Colonialism
When did the nation-state rise?
19th century
What is a nation?
People who share an identity.
May be difficult to define as it is a psychological phenomenon.
For example institutions (sports and monarchy), history, language and accents.
What is a state?
A political and geographic entity.
More objectively exists (or not).
What is a nation state?
A political community bound together by citizenship and nationality, meaning political and cultural identity coincide.
When did the idea of nation and state take hold?
After the French Revolution in 1789.
What is globalisation?
The process by which business or other organisations develop international influence.
What is economic globalisation?
The widespread international movement of goods, capital, services and information.
What is political globalisation?
The growth of the worldwide political system, both in size and complexity.
What cultural globalisation?
The worldwide movement of ideas, attitudes and cultural products across national borders.
Is globalisation Americanisation?- Media
Yes- The US dominated media for example Titanic (1997) and Avengers: Endgame (2019).
No- Non western cultures spreading for example South Korea with Baby Shark, Kpop and Squid game.
Is globalisation Americanisation?- Internet
Yes- Companies such as Google and Ebay.
No- Foreign equivalents such as Alibaba, Weibo and TikTok in China.
Is globalisation Americanisation?- Food
Yes- In 2020, 9/10 restaurants with the biggest revenue are American such as McDonalds.
No- Spread of other culture’s food for example the UK national dish is chicken tikka masala.
Is globalisation Americanisation?- News
Yes- CNN is watched in around 212 countries and territories.
No- Rival news channels such as BBC and Al Jazeera challenge the influence of CNN
What do liberals think about globalisation?
Positive view.
A more globalised world is a safer world.
Globalisation enhances common humanity.
The Dell Theory of Conflict Resolution suggests that globalisation prevents conflict as countries are binded by a global supply chain.
Globalisation establishes the foundations for global governance.
What do realists think about globalisation?
Sceptical about the extent to which globalisation should challenge the primacy of the state.
International organisations are bad and undermine state sovereignty.
In terms of global trade, the Trump Administration (2017-21) are a good example as they focused on protecting US workers’ jobs.
What do hyper-globalisers think about globalisation?
Globalisation is creating a revolutionary shift in the structures of global power- the nation state will become obsolete.
The nation state can no longer determine its own future due to trade and capital flows.
The rise of global governance could lead to a world government.
What do globalisation sceptics think about globalisation?
Question whether globalisation is new and whether it has challenged the authority of state.
Globalisation could have occurred between 1870 and 1913 with dramatic advances in telegraphic communication; this combined with a global commitment to currency has not undermined state sovereignty.
Modern-day globalisation has failed to create a more global community.
The failures of both the ICJ and ICC shows how important the nation state is.
What do transformationalists think about globalisation?
Acknowledge that globalisation impacts state sovereignty for example IGOs and NGOs challenge it.
Do not agree that globalisation signals the decline of the state.
Member states of international organisations will still negotiate the best deal for their citizens.
Globalisation may enhance state sovereignty for example it has made China more assertive in advancing its national interests for HK and Taiwan.
COVID-19 has increased globalisation however states showed sovereignty by closing their borders etc.
