THE STABILITY OF THE MONARCHY

Question 1

1544 July

Act of succession, throne and uncertainty

Answer 1

3rd Act of Succession

Edward (and any sons) inherit throne but Elizabeth and Mary position left uncertain

Question 2

1546 December

Will, 123, dry stamp and treason act

Answer 2

Henry VIII will
Edward first - Mary second - Elizabeth third
Signed using the Dry Stamp and supported by 1547 Treason Act

Question 3

1547 January

Regency council and lord protector

Answer 3

Regency council established with Somerset as Lord Protector

Question 4

1550 February

Lord president of council

Answer 4

Northumberland becomes Lord President of the council

Question 5

1552 January

Execution

Answer 5

Execution of Somerset

Question 6

1553 May

Marriage of Lady Jane Grey

Answer 6

Northumberland’s son (Guildford Dudley) marries Lady Jane Grey

Question 7

1553 June

Succession, successors to throne

Answer 7

Edwards Devise for the succession excludes Mary and names Lady Jane Grey and her heirs male as successors to the throne

Question 8

1553 July 6th

Death

Answer 8

Edward dies

Question 9

1553 July 10th

Proclaimed queen

Answer 9

Lady Jane Grey proclaimed queen

Question 10

1553 July 19th

Defeat

Answer 10

Lady Jane Grey defeated and Mary becomes queen

Question 11

1553 August

Execution

Answer 11

Northumberland executed

Question 12

1554 January

Rebellion

Answer 12

Wyatt Rebellion

Question 13

1554 July

Marriage

Answer 13

Mary married Philip II of Spain

Question 14

1558 November

Death

Answer 14

Death of Mary Tudor

Question 15

1558 November 17th

Accedes to throne

Answer 15

Elizabeth accedes the throne

Question 16

Act

Answer 16

A written law authorised by Parliament and the monarch

Question 17

Dry Stamp

Answer 17

Copy of the royal signature which could be used on printed documents

Question 18

Faction

Answer 18

A loose group of people who have come together usually for political purpose

Question 19

Noble

Answer 19

A person of noble rank of birth (ie very high in society) eg Duke,Earl.

Question 20

Regency Council

Answer 20

A group of ministers appointed to rule on behalf of a king until he comes of age

Question 21

Privy Council

Answer 21

Central group of the monarchs most important advisors

Question 22

Succession

Answer 22

The process of a monarch inheriting the throne or the line by which the throne is passed on

Question 23

Minority Rule

Answer 23

Minority Rule: Previous young kings had either been deposed (Richard II), been the cause of civil war (Henry VI), or killed (Edward V).

• Edward VI would be expected to take control of the kingdom as an adult but would require support before.
• A Regency Council was established by Henry VIII but Edward Seymour (Somerset) ensured he became Lord Protector initially but after factional conflict was overthrown by John Dudley (Northumberland.)

Question 24

Female Rule

Answer 24

Female Rule: The only previous female Monarch, Matilda, had been over thrown in a civil war in the 12th century.

• As female Mary could not lead an army into battle and may not be able to control the strong factions in government.
• Any woman would be expected to marry and therefore be under the influence of her husband be he a foreign Prince or English noble.
• The queen would need to produce a successor and this depended on her ability to conceive a child.

Question 25

Factional Conflict

Answer 25

Factional conflict: Both Edward’s and Mary’s governments were divided by factional conflict.

• Somerset position as Lord Protector angered key figures like Paget, Dudley and Wriothesley who conspired against him.
• Under Mary, a large Privy council, the presence of Spaniards and the rivalry between Paget and Gardiner caused friction in government.
• The root of unrest was commonly either religious conviction, personal rivalries or more likely the pragmatic exclusion from power.

Question 26

Succession

Answer 26

Succession: Edward never married and died quickly without producing an heir.

• Mary was never able to conceive and died without a child. Therefore the succession was largely determined on the ground of the 3rd Act of Succession, Henry VIII’s will, and Edward’s devises’.
• Therefore there was uncertainty in government as to the direction of the crown.
• This served to further complicate issues of faction in government as men sought to preserve their future power and careers.

Question 27

Edward VI (1547 to 1553)

Answer 27

Son of Henry VIII and Jane Seymour ruled crowned age 9.

Question 28

Mary I (1553 to 1558)

Answer 28

Daughter of Henry VIII and his first wife Catherine of Aragon.

Question 29

Edward Seymour, Duke of Somerset

Privy council, advisors, fall from power

Answer 29

• Became Privy Councillor in 1537 and was one of Henry’s leading advisors at the end of his reign.
• Created as Duke of Somerset and Lord Protector in 1547. -Fall from power 1549 and executed in 1552.

Question 30

John Dudley, Duke of Northumberland

Various posts, strong reputation, puts down a rebellion, executed

Answer 30

-Various posts under Henry VIII and establishes
strong military reputation.
-Made Earl of Warwick in 1547. In 1549 put down Kett’s rebellion and removes Somerset.
-Executed after failed attempt to put Lady Jane Grey on the throne.

Question 31

William Paget

MP, privy councillor, supported somerset, opposed religious reforms

Answer 31

• MP under Henry VIII and helped try to secure Henry’s divorce.
• Became a privy councillor in 1543, then Henry’s private secretary.
• Supported Somerset but served both Northumberland and Mary.
• Was opposed to Mary’s religious reforms.

Question 32

Stephen Gardiner

Bishop, diplomat, devout catholic, rival of paget

Answer 32

• Bishop of Winchester.
• Served Henry VIII as a diplomat and later private secretary.
• Was a devout Catholic, imprisoned in the Tower under Edward was recalled to Mary’s council upon her accession.
• Rival of Paget as he looked to prevent high control of the Council under Mary.