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Anatomy Final > The Special Senses (Hearing) > Flashcards

The Special Senses (Hearing) Flashcards

1
Q

What is the ear involved with

A

Hearing and balance

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2
Q

What are the general structures of the ear

A

The external ear, the middle ear, the inner ear

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3
Q

What are the parts of the external ear

A

Pinna
External Auditory Canal
Tympanic Membrane

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4
Q

What is the Pinna do

A

it collects sounds

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5
Q

What does the External Auditory Canal do

A

Funnels sound into the ear

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6
Q

What does the tympanic membrane (Eardrum) do

A

transfers sound into the middle ear

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7
Q

Bones of the middle ear

A

Auditory Ossicles

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8
Q

What are the auditory ossicles and what does it do

A

Malleus, Incus, and Stapes; increase the force of the sound

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9
Q

What do the auditory Ossicles do

A

Conduct sound from the tympanic membrane o the oval window at the inner ear

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10
Q

What is the tympanic reflex

A

it holds te auditory ossicles from stabbing into the inner ear and protects it from loud sounds, using the small skeletal muscles attached to the auditory ossicles

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11
Q

What connects the middle ears to the throat

A

Auditory tubes (Pharyngotympanic Tubes)

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12
Q

What is the purpose of the pharyngotympanic tubes (auditory tubes)

A

Helps maintain equal air pressure on both sides of the eardrum

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13
Q

What are the parts of the Inner Ear

A

Labyrinth
Vetibule
Semicircular Canals
Cochlea

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14
Q

What is special about the inner ear

A

it is filled with fluid

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15
Q

The Bony and membranous channels of the inner ear

A

Labyrinth

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16
Q

Central egg-shaped cavity of the labyrinth

A

Vestibule

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17
Q

3 rings of bone and membranous tissue that extend from the posterior of the vesitibule

A

Semicircular Canals

18
Q

Bony chamber that resembles a snail shell, extends from the anterior of the vestibule

A

Cochlea

19
Q

Receptor organ for hearing

A

The Organ of Corti

20
Q

Pressure disturbance originating from a vibrating object and propagated by the molecules that it disturbs (e.g. air, water)

A

Sound

21
Q

Number of waves passing a point in a specified period of time

A

Frequency

22
Q

The higher the frequency, the higher

A

the pitch

23
Q

The higher the frequency, the shorter

A

the sound waves

24
Q

The intensity of the sound

A

Amplitude

25
Q

The higher the amplitude, the

A

louder it sounds

26
Q

What is the transmission of sound to the inner ear (travel of impulse to inner ear)

A

Sound waves go into the pinna-> External Auditory Canal-> Hits Tympanic Membrane-> Vibrates malleus->hits incus-> vibrates stapes -> Hits oval window

27
Q

The ossicles of the inner ear do what to sound waves

A

they amplify the sound waves

28
Q

In the inner ear, pressure of the what on the what causes movment of fluid in the inner ear

A

stapes; oval window

29
Q

How do cochlear hair cells work in the organ of corti

A

they are stiff and will move due to fluid pressure from the sound waves

30
Q

The further the hair cells from the oval window

A

the lower the frequency they detect

31
Q

How do you hear, what is the path that hearing impulses take

A

They travel in the cochlear branch of the vestibulocochlear nerves ->medulla oblongata -> midbrain-> Thalamus -> Temporal Lobes of Cerebrum

32
Q

Patches of Hair cells that detect fluid movement or gravity

A

Macula

33
Q

Alone, the Macula detects

A

Static Equilibrium

34
Q

As part of the Crista Ampullaris, the Macula detects

A

Dynamic Equilibrium

35
Q

Monitors the position of the head

A

Static Equilibirum

36
Q

What does static Equilibrium do

A

It uses gravity to help control posture and monitors the position of the head

37
Q

Organ of static Equilibrium and where is it located

A

Macula; vestibule

38
Q

Control of balance when the head and/or body are moved or rotated suddenly

A

Dynamic Equilibrium

39
Q

Organ of Dynamic Equilibrium and where is it located

A

Crista Ampullaris, ampullae of semicircular canals

40
Q

What are other parts of your body that can help maintain equilibrium

A

Eyes and proprioceptors associated with certain joints

41
Q

What is the equilibrium pathway, how does the impulse travel

A

1) . Vestibulocochlear Nerve -> Vestibular Nuclear Complex in Brain Stem
2) . Vestibulocochlear Nerve -> Cerebellum

Anatomy Final (11 decks)

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