The Spanish Armada Flashcards
What were some of Phillips personal reasons for the armada
He was a strong catholic and wanted to stop the spread of Protestantism
Wanted to ensure that Spain remained the largest and strongest empire in Europe
How did the events in the Netherlands affect reasons for the Spanish Armada
Philip wanted to take revenge for Elizabeth’s support of Protestant rebels
Elizabeth had become the protector of Dutch Protestants sending a force of 5000 troops and 1000 cavalry
What did the English privateers do
Attacked Spanish treasure ships
What did sir Francis drake do in his 3 year crusade
Launched several surprise attacks on Spanish treasure ships and a estimated 200 m of todays money was stolen and was knighted on his return to England
What was Phillips plan for the invasion of England
Advance the navy from Lisbon along the coast in the English Channel destroying the English fleet. Anchor the fleet off Calais. A force of 17000 soldiers would arrive from the Netherlands led by the Duke of Parma. The navy would then protect Parma’s soldiers as they crossed the channel and then land in Kent travelling up the Thames to London
What did sir Francis drake do to postpone the invasion by a year
Attacked the fleet at Cadiz destroying 37 ships and tonnes of seasoned timber set aside for barrels
What made transporting Parma’s army difficult
Would need large barges which would need to be built on the spot which could break if there is bad weather and the Netherlands did not have harbours big enough for big Spanish ships
Who did Phillip appoint as the admiral for the armada and what was wrong with him
Duke medina Sidonia and had sea sickness
When did the armada set sail
April 1588
What happened shortly after the armada set sail
Dreadful storms delaying the invasion
What happened at Plymouth
Drake sailed out of Plymouth to pursue the armada and engaged in regular fights but did not break the crescent formation
What was the significant of the crescent formation
Made it difficult for the English to attack as the store ships were in the middle and had heavily armed galleons on the outer edge
Where did the armada anchor to wait for the Duke of Parma
Calais
How long were the Duke of Parma’s forces delayed by
A week
What did lord Howard decide to take advantage of and attack the army in Calais
Duke of Parma being delayed by a week
What did lord Howard do to break up the crescent formation
Filled 8 unmanned ships with gunpowder and loaded cannons and set fire to them and sent them towards the armada
When was the battle of grave lines
8th of august 1588
What was the battle of gravelines
Lasted 8 hours until England ran out of ammunition
How many Spanish ships and sailors were lost at the battle of gravelines
3 Spanish ships and 1000 Spanish sailors
How many English ships and sailors were lost at the battle of gravelines
0 ships and 50 sailors
What did Elizabeth do after the battle of gravelines and when
Gave a inspiration speech to sailors in tilbury on the 9th of august 1588
What happened to the Spanish Armada during the last part of their journey
The winds changed and the armada had to sail through the North Sea and past Scotland to get back to Spain
What were the strengths of the armada
130 galleons and supply ships
30,000 men
1900 cannons
123,000 cannon balls
Extensive supply of food and water
17,000 well trained soldiers from the Netherlands
Weaknesses of the armada
England positioned a line of warning beacons along the coast
England raised an army of 20,000 men
England’s navy was strong commanded by lord Howard
England had 54 battleships which were faster and fitted with longer range cannons
