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Presidents Flashcards

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1
Q

Who was president from 1960 to 1963?

A

John F. Kennedy

Known for the ‘New Frontier’ policy.

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2
Q

What was Kennedy’s policy called?

A

‘New Frontier’

Aimed to unite the nation and create a fairer society.

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3
Q

What were some challenges Kennedy faced during his presidency?

A
  • Narrow election victory
  • Religious opposition (Catholicism)
  • Inexperienced accusations
  • Southern congressmen’s resistance to civil rights

His presidency was marked by significant opposition on various fronts.

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4
Q

Who did Kennedy hire as a federal judge?

A

Thurgood Marshall

A significant figure in civil rights.

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5
Q

What major civil rights legislation did Kennedy introduce to Congress?

A

The Civil Rights bill

Aimed at addressing racial discrimination.

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6
Q

What economic policy did JFK implement to boost the economy?

A

Cut taxes to increase spending

This was part of his broader economic strategy.

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7
Q

What was the minimum wage increased to during Kennedy’s presidency?

A

$1.25

Aimed at improving the economic situation for workers.

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8
Q

What health insurance program did Kennedy plan to start?

A

Medicare

Intended to provide cheaper state health insurance.

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9
Q

What act was introduced in 1961 to redevelop inner cities?

A

Housing Act 1961

Aimed at urban renewal.

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10
Q

Who was president from 1963 to 1968?

A

Lyndon B. Johnson

Known for continuing JFK’s legacy.

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11
Q

What was Johnson’s policy known as?

A

Great Society

Focused on social reforms and addressing poverty.

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12
Q

What major acts did Johnson pass during his presidency?

A
  • Civil Rights Act 1964
  • Voting Rights Act 1965

Both aimed at ending racial discrimination.

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13
Q

What health care programs did Johnson establish?

A
  • Medicare for the elderly
  • Medicaid for the poor

Aimed at ensuring access to health care.

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14
Q

What was the minimum wage increased to during Johnson’s presidency?

A

$1.40

Part of his economic policies.

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15
Q

What was a major challenge Johnson faced while in office?

A

Opposition over spending on the Great Society due to the Vietnam War

Required cuts to social programs.

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16
Q

Who was president from 1968 to 1974?

A

Richard Nixon

His presidency ended due to the Watergate scandal.

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17
Q

What organization did Nixon set up to aid in his re-election?

A

CREEP

Stood for Committee to Re-Elect the President.

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18
Q

What scandal forced Nixon to resign?

A

Watergate Scandal

Involved a break-in at the Democratic National Committee headquarters.

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19
Q

What did Nixon initially refuse to hand over during the Watergate investigation?

A

Tape recordings of his conversations

These tapes later revealed his involvement in the cover-up.

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20
Q

What happened to Nixon in April 1974?

A

He had to hand over all unedited tapes

These tapes confirmed his involvement in the scandal.

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21
Q

Who pardoned Nixon after his resignation?

A

Gerald Ford

He pardoned Nixon of any criminal acts.

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22
Q

When was Reagan president?

A

Reagan was president from 1981 to 1989.

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23
Q

Who did Reagan replace as president?

A

He replaced Jimmy Carter.

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24
Q

What economic problems did Reagan inherit?

A

He inherited serious economic problems including a world recession, factory closures, rising unemployment, and oil shortages.

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25
Q

What was the economic policy implemented by Reagan?

A

The economic policy was known as Reaganomics.

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26
Q

What was a key feature of Reaganomics?

A

He cut taxes for businesses and the wealthiest to encourage spending.

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27
Q

What is the theory behind Reagan’s tax cuts?

A

The theory is that this wealth ‘trickles down’ to the middle and lower classes.

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28
Q

What welfare program did Reagan cut?

A

He cut the welfare program, including food stamps, reducing support for the poor.

29
Q

What was the biggest tax cut during Reagan’s presidency?

A

It was the biggest tax cut ever, resulting in the government collecting hardly any income.

30
Q

What was the impact of reduced government income?

A

Without income, the government couldn’t pay for the services provided.

31
Q

What happened to the national debt during Reagan’s presidency?

A

The national debt increased to $1 trillion, the highest level at that time.

32
Q

What significant event occurred in 1987?

A

The biggest stock market crash since 1929 occurred.

33
Q

What was the state of the USA’s debt in 1987?

A

The USA was the most in debt of leading nations.

34
Q

What Medicare benefits were affected during Reagan’s presidency?

A

Medicare benefits introduced by JFK and Johnson were cut.

35
Q

What major disasters occurred in the Space Programme in 1986?

A

Both the Challenger and Titan exploded.

36
Q

What was the Star Wars program?

A

It was a very costly military initiative.

37
Q

What was Reagan’s stance on MLK’s birthday as a national holiday?

A

He opposed it but changed his mind under pressure.

38
Q

What was Reagan’s position on abortion?

A

He opposed abortion, which led to a loss of female support.

39
Q

What issue did Reagan eventually support?

A

He eventually supported research into AIDS.

40
Q

When was Bush president?

A

Bush was president from 1989 to 1993.

41
Q

What was Bush’s reputation?

A

He had a reputation as a ‘safe pair of hands.’

42
Q

What economic issues did Bush face?

A

He had to deal with the economic problems run up by the Reagan years.

43
Q

What promise did Bush make regarding taxes?

A

He promised to cut taxes but had to go back on this promise.

44
Q

What actions did Bush take regarding taxes?

A

He increased direct taxes and reduced the number of wealthy people exempt from tax.

45
Q

What spending did Bush have to cut?

A

He had to cut military spending.

46
Q

What happened to the deficit during Bush’s presidency?

A

The deficit rose to $300 billion.

47
Q

What was the unemployment rate during Bush’s presidency?

A

Unemployment reached 7.8%, the highest since 1984.

48
Q

What percentage of people lived in poverty in 1992?

A

14.2% of people lived in poverty in 1992.

49
Q

What significant legislation did Bush sign?

A

He signed the Americans with Disabilities Act in 1990.

50
Q

What was the aim of the Clean Air Act?

A

The aim was to reduce smog, curb acid rain, and eliminate emissions of toxic chemicals.

51
Q

What was the Drug Enforcement Agency’s focus during Bush’s presidency?

A

It focused on employee drug testing and increased border controls, but had little impact.

52
Q

What event highlighted racism in the police force?

A

The Rodney King case highlighted racism.

53
Q

What riots occurred in 1992?

A

Riots occurred in LA, Atlanta, Birmingham, Seattle, and Chicago.

54
Q

When was Clinton president?

A

Clinton was president from 1992 to 2001.

55
Q

What were Clinton’s economic views?

A

He aimed to reduce the deficit and increase government spending and investment in education and welfare.

56
Q

What budget achievement did Clinton reach by 1998?

A

He balanced the budget for the first time since 1969.

57
Q

What happened to the stock market during Clinton’s presidency?

A

The value of the stock market tripled.

58
Q

What was the unemployment rate during Clinton’s presidency?

A

Unemployment reached the lowest rate for 30 years.

59
Q

What was the highest level of home ownership during Clinton’s presidency?

A

Home ownership reached 67.7%.

60
Q

What trade agreement boosted the US export market?

A

The North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) with Canada and Mexico.

61
Q

How many jobs were created during Clinton’s presidency?

A

Over 22 million jobs were created in less than 8 years.

62
Q

What was the unemployment rate for African Americans and Hispanics during Clinton’s presidency?

A

It fell to the lowest ever rate.

63
Q

What was the minimum wage increase during Clinton’s presidency?

A

Minimum wage increased from $4.75 per hour to $5.15 in 1997.

64
Q

What health initiative was rejected by Congress?

A

Universal health insurance was rejected.

65
Q

What was the infant mortality rate during Clinton’s presidency?

A

It was at the lowest rate ever recorded.

66
Q

What scandal was associated with Clinton in 1996?

A

The Whitewater Scandal involved his business associates being convicted of fraud.

67
Q

What did Kenneth Starr find regarding Clinton?

A

He found proof of Clinton’s affair with Monica Lewinsky.

68
Q

What led to Clinton’s impeachment?

A

He lied under oath about the affair and was impeached for obstruction of justice in 1998.

69
Q

What was the outcome of Clinton’s impeachment trial?

A

The Senate acquitted him in 1999.

History (20 decks)

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