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History > Presidents > Flashcards

Presidents Flashcards

1
Q

Who was president from 1960 to 1963?

A

John F. Kennedy

Known for the ‘New Frontier’ policy.

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2
Q

What was Kennedy’s policy called?

A

‘New Frontier’

Aimed to unite the nation and create a fairer society.

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3
Q

What were some challenges Kennedy faced during his presidency?

A
  • Narrow election victory
  • Religious opposition (Catholicism)
  • Inexperienced accusations
  • Southern congressmen’s resistance to civil rights

His presidency was marked by significant opposition on various fronts.

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4
Q

Who did Kennedy hire as a federal judge?

A

Thurgood Marshall

A significant figure in civil rights.

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5
Q

What major civil rights legislation did Kennedy introduce to Congress?

A

The Civil Rights bill

Aimed at addressing racial discrimination.

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6
Q

What economic policy did JFK implement to boost the economy?

A

Cut taxes to increase spending

This was part of his broader economic strategy.

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7
Q

What was the minimum wage increased to during Kennedy’s presidency?

A

$1.25

Aimed at improving the economic situation for workers.

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8
Q

What health insurance program did Kennedy plan to start?

A

Medicare

Intended to provide cheaper state health insurance.

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9
Q

What act was introduced in 1961 to redevelop inner cities?

A

Housing Act 1961

Aimed at urban renewal.

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10
Q

Who was president from 1963 to 1968?

A

Lyndon B. Johnson

Known for continuing JFK’s legacy.

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11
Q

What was Johnson’s policy known as?

A

Great Society

Focused on social reforms and addressing poverty.

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12
Q

What major acts did Johnson pass during his presidency?

A
  • Civil Rights Act 1964
  • Voting Rights Act 1965

Both aimed at ending racial discrimination.

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13
Q

What health care programs did Johnson establish?

A
  • Medicare for the elderly
  • Medicaid for the poor

Aimed at ensuring access to health care.

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14
Q

What was the minimum wage increased to during Johnson’s presidency?

A

$1.40

Part of his economic policies.

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15
Q

What was a major challenge Johnson faced while in office?

A

Opposition over spending on the Great Society due to the Vietnam War

Required cuts to social programs.

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16
Q

Who was president from 1968 to 1974?

A

Richard Nixon

His presidency ended due to the Watergate scandal.

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17
Q

What organization did Nixon set up to aid in his re-election?

A

CREEP

Stood for Committee to Re-Elect the President.

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18
Q

What scandal forced Nixon to resign?

A

Watergate Scandal

Involved a break-in at the Democratic National Committee headquarters.

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19
Q

What did Nixon initially refuse to hand over during the Watergate investigation?

A

Tape recordings of his conversations

These tapes later revealed his involvement in the cover-up.

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20
Q

What happened to Nixon in April 1974?

A

He had to hand over all unedited tapes

These tapes confirmed his involvement in the scandal.

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21
Q

Who pardoned Nixon after his resignation?

A

Gerald Ford

He pardoned Nixon of any criminal acts.

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22
Q

When was Reagan president?

A

Reagan was president from 1981 to 1989.

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23
Q

Who did Reagan replace as president?

A

He replaced Jimmy Carter.

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24
Q

What economic problems did Reagan inherit?

A

He inherited serious economic problems including a world recession, factory closures, rising unemployment, and oil shortages.

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25
What was the economic policy implemented by Reagan?
The economic policy was known as Reaganomics.
26
What was a key feature of Reaganomics?
He cut taxes for businesses and the wealthiest to encourage spending.
27
What is the theory behind Reagan's tax cuts?
The theory is that this wealth 'trickles down' to the middle and lower classes.
28
What welfare program did Reagan cut?
He cut the welfare program, including food stamps, reducing support for the poor.
29
What was the biggest tax cut during Reagan's presidency?
It was the biggest tax cut ever, resulting in the government collecting hardly any income.
30
What was the impact of reduced government income?
Without income, the government couldn't pay for the services provided.
31
What happened to the national debt during Reagan's presidency?
The national debt increased to $1 trillion, the highest level at that time.
32
What significant event occurred in 1987?
The biggest stock market crash since 1929 occurred.
33
What was the state of the USA's debt in 1987?
The USA was the most in debt of leading nations.
34
What Medicare benefits were affected during Reagan's presidency?
Medicare benefits introduced by JFK and Johnson were cut.
35
What major disasters occurred in the Space Programme in 1986?
Both the Challenger and Titan exploded.
36
What was the Star Wars program?
It was a very costly military initiative.
37
What was Reagan's stance on MLK's birthday as a national holiday?
He opposed it but changed his mind under pressure.
38
What was Reagan's position on abortion?
He opposed abortion, which led to a loss of female support.
39
What issue did Reagan eventually support?
He eventually supported research into AIDS.
40
When was Bush president?
Bush was president from 1989 to 1993.
41
What was Bush's reputation?
He had a reputation as a 'safe pair of hands.'
42
What economic issues did Bush face?
He had to deal with the economic problems run up by the Reagan years.
43
What promise did Bush make regarding taxes?
He promised to cut taxes but had to go back on this promise.
44
What actions did Bush take regarding taxes?
He increased direct taxes and reduced the number of wealthy people exempt from tax.
45
What spending did Bush have to cut?
He had to cut military spending.
46
What happened to the deficit during Bush's presidency?
The deficit rose to $300 billion.
47
What was the unemployment rate during Bush's presidency?
Unemployment reached 7.8%, the highest since 1984.
48
What percentage of people lived in poverty in 1992?
14.2% of people lived in poverty in 1992.
49
What significant legislation did Bush sign?
He signed the Americans with Disabilities Act in 1990.
50
What was the aim of the Clean Air Act?
The aim was to reduce smog, curb acid rain, and eliminate emissions of toxic chemicals.
51
What was the Drug Enforcement Agency's focus during Bush's presidency?
It focused on employee drug testing and increased border controls, but had little impact.
52
What event highlighted racism in the police force?
The Rodney King case highlighted racism.
53
What riots occurred in 1992?
Riots occurred in LA, Atlanta, Birmingham, Seattle, and Chicago.
54
When was Clinton president?
Clinton was president from 1992 to 2001.
55
What were Clinton's economic views?
He aimed to reduce the deficit and increase government spending and investment in education and welfare.
56
What budget achievement did Clinton reach by 1998?
He balanced the budget for the first time since 1969.
57
What happened to the stock market during Clinton's presidency?
The value of the stock market tripled.
58
What was the unemployment rate during Clinton's presidency?
Unemployment reached the lowest rate for 30 years.
59
What was the highest level of home ownership during Clinton's presidency?
Home ownership reached 67.7%.
60
What trade agreement boosted the US export market?
The North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) with Canada and Mexico.
61
How many jobs were created during Clinton's presidency?
Over 22 million jobs were created in less than 8 years.
62
What was the unemployment rate for African Americans and Hispanics during Clinton's presidency?
It fell to the lowest ever rate.
63
What was the minimum wage increase during Clinton's presidency?
Minimum wage increased from $4.75 per hour to $5.15 in 1997.
64
What health initiative was rejected by Congress?
Universal health insurance was rejected.
65
What was the infant mortality rate during Clinton's presidency?
It was at the lowest rate ever recorded.
66
What scandal was associated with Clinton in 1996?
The Whitewater Scandal involved his business associates being convicted of fraud.
67
What did Kenneth Starr find regarding Clinton?
He found proof of Clinton's affair with Monica Lewinsky.
68
What led to Clinton's impeachment?
He lied under oath about the affair and was impeached for obstruction of justice in 1998.
69
What was the outcome of Clinton's impeachment trial?
The Senate acquitted him in 1999.

History (21 decks)

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