The Solid Earth - Chapter 3: Stream Valleys Flashcards

1
Q

Two general types of stream valleys

A

Narrow V-shaped

Wide valleys

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Most valleys are much broader at the top than is the ___ of the channel at the bottom

A

width

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

If a stream is narrow and V shaped, the primary work of the stream has been _______ toward base level

A

downcutting

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Two most prominent features of a narrow valley

A

rapids

waterfalls

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

_____ _____ create rapids by acting as a temporary base level upstream while allowing downcutting to continue downstream

A

Resistant beds

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Places where the stream profile makes a vertical drop

A

Waterfall

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

RE Niagara Falls: as the water plunges over the lip of the falls, it erodes the less resistant ____

A

shale

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

The flat valley floor that is produced when the stream’s energy begins moving side to side

A

floodplain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

When a river erodes laterally, creating a floodplain, it is called a(n) _____ floodplain

A

erosional

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

_____ floodplains are produced by deposition

A

Depositional

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Streams that flow upon floodplains, whether erosional or depositional, move in sweeping bends called ____

A

meanders

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Erosion is more effective on the ____ of a meander

A

downstream

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

When the river erodes to the next narrow neck of land, the shorter channel segment is called a ____

A

cutoff

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

The abandoned bend of a river after a cutoff is formed is called an _____ lake

A

oxbow

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

One method of flood control is to straighten the stream by creating artificial ____

A

cutoffs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Artificial cutoffs increase the ______ of a stream

A

Gradient