The Solid Earth - Chapter 1: The Rock Cycle Flashcards
One means of viewing many of the interrelationships of geology
The rock cycle
Three basic rock types
Igneous
Metamorphic
Sedimentary
The father of modern geology
James Hutton
This type of rock originates with molten material cools and solidifies
Igneous
Molten material that cools and solidifies
Magma
The process of magma cooling and solidifying
Crystallization
Where are two places crystallization may occur?
Beneath Earth’s surface
At the surface (after eruption)
The earth’s crust (primitive) was thought to consist entirely of _____ rocks
Igneous
What does metamorphic rock turn to when it melts?
Magma
What does magma become when it cools and solidifies?
Igneous rock
What does igneous rock become when it is weathered and transported/deposited
Sediment
What does sediment become when it is cemented and compacted?
Sedimentary rock
What does sedimentary rock become when heat and pressure is added?
Metamorphic rock
What does metamorphic rock become when it is weathered, transported, and deposited?
Sediment
What does sedimentary rock become when it is weathered, transported, and deposited?
Sediment
What does igneous rock become under heat and pressure?
Metamorphic rock
The application of heat and pressure
Metamorphism
The cementation and compaction of sediment
Lithification
What are the nonsilicate mineral groups?
Oxides Sulfides Sulfates Native elements Halides Carbonates
The group containing hematite, magnetite, corundum, ice
Oxides
The group containing galena, sphalerite, pyrite, and chalcopyrite
Sulfides
The group containing gypsum anhydrite
Sulfates
The group containing gold, copper, diamond, sulfur, graphite
Native elements
Group containing calcite, dolomite, and malachite
Carbonates
The process in which the atmospheric influences disintegrate and decompose the rock
Weathering
After weathering, the resulting material will be picked up, transported, and deposited by _____ agents
Erosional
The name of the remnants of weathering
Sediment
If sedimentary rock is buried deep within the earth or involved in orogeny it will be subjected to _____
pressure and heat
term used to indicate the purity of gold
karat
term used to describe weight of precious gems
carat
