The small intestine, large intestine and Rectum Flashcards
Where does most chemical digestion of food molecules and absorption of nutrients occur?
Most chemical digestion of food molecules and absorption of nutrients occur in the small intestine.
What are the three regions of the small intestine?
The three regions of the small intestine are the duodenum, the jejunum, and the ileum.
How long is the duodenum and how is it connected to the stomach?
The duodenum is about a foot long and is connected to the stomach.
What is the length of the jejunum?
The jejunum is approximately eight feet long.
Which region of the small intestine is the longest and how long is it?
The ileum is the longest region of the small intestine, measuring about 11 feet in length.
Why does the small intestine have a bristly texture inside?
The small intestine has a bristly texture inside because it is lined with rings of mucosa, which increases its surface area for nutrient absorption.
What is the function of circular folds in the small intestine?
Circular folds in the small intestine increase its surface area for nutrient absorption
What is the role of mucosa in the small intestine?
Mucosa in the small intestine produces mucus, which helps protect and lubricate the intestinal lining.
Why does the small intestine have a bristly texture inside?
The small intestine has a bristly texture inside due to rings of mucosa called circular folds, which increase its surface area for nutrient absorption.
What is the purpose of circular folds in the small intestine?
Circular folds increase the surface area of the small intestine, allowing for more efficient absorption of nutrients.
What role does mucosa play in the small intestine?
Mucosa in the small intestine produces mucus, which helps protect the intestinal lining and facilitates the movement of food along the digestive tract.
What is the role of the submucosa in the small intestine?
The submucosa attaches the mucosa to the muscular tissue of the small intestine, providing structural support.
What are the two muscular layers that form the muscular tissue of the small intestine?
The circular muscularis and the longitudinal muscularis are the two muscular layers in the small intestine.
What is the function of the serosa in the small intestine?
The serosa is a membranous tissue that protects the inner parts of the small intestine.
What are intestinal villi?
Intestinal villi are tiny projections of cells that make up the circular folds in the lining of the small intestine.
What are microvilli?
Microvilli are extensions on the membranes of cells within the intestinal villi. They further increase the surface area of each cell, aiding in nutrient absorption.
how do intestinal villi and microvilli contribute to the function of the small intestine?
Intestinal villi and microvilli significantly increase the surface area of the small intestine, facilitating the absorption of nutrients from digested food.
Where are intestinal glands located?
Intestinal glands are located between the villi in the lining of the small intestine.
What is the function of intestinal glands?
Intestinal glands secrete digestive enzymes that further break down food molecules, allowing their nutrients to be absorbed by the body’s cells.
What role do the liver and pancreas play in digestion?
The liver produces bile, which is stored in the gallbladder and released into the small intestine to aid in the digestion and absorption of fats. The pancreas secretes digestive enzymes into the small intestine to further break down carbohydrates, proteins, and fats.
What structures in the villi absorb nutrients?
Capillaries and lacteals (lymph vessels) in the villi absorb nutrients from the digested food.
Where do the absorbed nutrients go after being absorbed by the villi?
The absorbed nutrients are transported to the liver for processing.
What role do capillaries play in the small intestine?
Capillaries in the villi of the small intestine absorb nutrients, deliver oxygen, and remove carbon dioxide to maintain the proper functioning of the intestinal cells.
