STOMACH Flashcards
What are the four main regions of the stomach?
The four main regions of the stomach are the cardiac region, the fundus, the body, and the pylorus.
Where is the lower esophageal sphincter located?
The lower esophageal sphincter is located in the cardiac region of the stomach, at the entrance to the stomach from the esophagus.
What is the function of the pylorus in the stomach?
The pylorus is the part of the stomach that connects to the small intestine, and its function is to regulate the passage of partially digested food (chyme) from the stomach into the small intestine.
What is the function of the cells in the stomach that secrete acids?
The cells in the stomach secrete acids that help kill most of the bacteria present in the food.
What is gastric juice, and what is its composition?
Gastric juice is a mixture of acids and enzymes secreted by cells in the stomach. It aids in the digestion of food and the breakdown of proteins.
What is chyme, and how is it formed?
Chyme is a semiliquid substance formed when the bolus mixed with gastric juice in the stomach. It results from the contraction of smooth muscles in the stomach that mix and break down the food particles.
What happens to proteins during the formation of chyme in the stomach?
During the formation of chyme, proteins undergo chemical digestion, breaking down into smaller chains of amino acids called peptides.
What is the role of intrinsic factor in the stomach?
Intrinsic factor is a chemical in gastric juice that binds to vitamin B-12, enabling its absorption in the small intestine.
Why is intrinsic factor important for the absorption of vitamin B-12?
Without intrinsic factor, the small intestine is unable to absorb vitamin B-12 effectively, leading to potential deficiencies in this essential nutrient.
How does chyme move from the stomach into the small intestine?
Chyme moves from the stomach into the small intestine through the pyloric sphincter, propelled by peristalsis, which involves wavelike muscular contractions.
What role does peristalsis play in the movement of chyme?
Peristalsis involves the rhythmic contraction and relaxation of muscles, gradually pushing chyme along the digestive tract, from the stomach into the small intestine.
Which sphincter controls the passage of chyme from the stomach into the small intestine?
The pyloric sphincter regulates the flow of chyme from the stomach into the small intestine.
