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The digestive system > Definition > Flashcards

Definition Flashcards

1
Q

Saliva

A

Fluid secreted by glands in the mouth.

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2
Q

Sublingual glands

A

A pair of salivary glands that lie underneath the tongue.

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3
Q

Submandibular gland

A

A pair of salivary glands that lie underneath the mandible (jawbone).

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4
Q

Parotid gland

A

A pair of salivary glands located in the cheek area.

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5
Q

Amylase

A

An enzyme secreted by the salivary glands that acts to break the bonds that link the components of carbohydrates molecules to each other.

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6
Q

Bolus

A

What chewed and moistened food is called.

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7
Q

Soft palate

A

The back part of the roof of your mouth.

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8
Q

Epiglottis

A

A flap of tissue in the throat.

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9
Q

Larynx

A

The voice box.

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10
Q

Voluntary oral stage

A

The first stage of deglutition.

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11
Q

Pharyngeal stage

A

The second stage of deglutition.

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11
Q

Deglutition

A

Swallowing

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12
Q

Esophageal stage

A

The third stage of deglutition

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13
Q

Pharyngeal muscles

A

Muscles in the throat the move the bolus

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14
Q

Upper esophageal sphincter

A

A muscular structure that relaxes to allow the bolus to enter the esophagus.

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15
Q

Peristalsis

A

The rhythmic contracting and relaxing of muscles.

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16
Q

Lower esophageal sphincter

A

The sphincter between the esophagus and the stomach.

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17
Q

Cardiac region

A

The region of the stomach that contains the lower esophageal sphincter and the entrance to the stomach.

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18
Q

Fundus

A

The region at the very top of the stomach.

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19
Q

Body of the stomach

A

The main part of the stomach.

20
Q

Pylorus

A

The part of the stomach that joins to the small intestine.

21
Q

Gastric juice

A

A mixture of acids and enzymes secreted by cells in the stomach.

22
Q

Chyme

A

What partially digested food is called when it leaves the stomach.

23
Q

Peptides

A

Chains of amino acids that are smaller than complete proteins

24
Q

Intrinsic factor

A

A chemical in gastric juice that binds to vitamin B-12.

25
Q

Pyloric sphincter

A

The sphincter between the stomach and the small intestine.

26
Q

Duodenum

A

The first region of the small intestine.

27
Q

Jejunum

A

The second region of the small intestine.

28
Q

Ileum

A

The last region of the small intestine.

29
Q

Mucosa

A

The inner lining of the small intestine.

30
Q

Circular folds

A

Rings of mucosa that line the small intestine.

31
Q

Intestinal villi

A

Tiny projections of cells that line the small intestine.

32
Q

Microvilli

A

Projections in the membranes of the cells that line the small intestine.

33
Q

Submucosa

A

The layer of the small intestine between the mucosa and the muscular layer.

34
Q

Circular muscularis and longitudinal muscularis

A

The two muscular layers of the small intestine

35
Q

Serosa

A

A membranous tissue that covers the longitudinal muscularis.

36
Q

Intestinal glands

A

Glands between the villi that secrete digestive enzymes

37
Q

Lacteals

A

Lymph vessels in the villi of the small intestine.

38
Q

Ileocecal sphincter

A

The sphincter between the small and large intestines.

39
Q

Ascending colon

A

The part of the large intestine on the right side of the body.

40
Q

Transverse colon

A

The horizontal part of the colon.

41
Q

Descending colon

A

The part of the large intestine on the left side of the body.

42
Q

Sigmoid colon

A

The last section of the large intestine before the rectum.

43
Q

Feces

A

What leaves the body during defecation.

44
Q

Internal anal sphincter

A

A sphincter in the rectum that is made of smooth muscle

45
Q

External anal sphincter

A

A sphincter in the rectum that is made of skeletal muscle.

46
Q

Defecation reflex

A

The urge to have a bowel movement.

47
Q

Defecation

A

The act of feces leaving your body.

The digestive system (7 decks)

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