Definition Flashcards
Saliva
Fluid secreted by glands in the mouth.
Sublingual glands
A pair of salivary glands that lie underneath the tongue.
Submandibular gland
A pair of salivary glands that lie underneath the mandible (jawbone).
Parotid gland
A pair of salivary glands located in the cheek area.
Amylase
An enzyme secreted by the salivary glands that acts to break the bonds that link the components of carbohydrates molecules to each other.
Bolus
What chewed and moistened food is called.
Soft palate
The back part of the roof of your mouth.
Epiglottis
A flap of tissue in the throat.
Larynx
The voice box.
Voluntary oral stage
The first stage of deglutition.
Pharyngeal stage
The second stage of deglutition.
Deglutition
Swallowing
Esophageal stage
The third stage of deglutition
Pharyngeal muscles
Muscles in the throat the move the bolus
Upper esophageal sphincter
A muscular structure that relaxes to allow the bolus to enter the esophagus.
Peristalsis
The rhythmic contracting and relaxing of muscles.
Lower esophageal sphincter
The sphincter between the esophagus and the stomach.
Cardiac region
The region of the stomach that contains the lower esophageal sphincter and the entrance to the stomach.
Fundus
The region at the very top of the stomach.
Body of the stomach
The main part of the stomach.
Pylorus
The part of the stomach that joins to the small intestine.
Gastric juice
A mixture of acids and enzymes secreted by cells in the stomach.
Chyme
What partially digested food is called when it leaves the stomach.
Peptides
Chains of amino acids that are smaller than complete proteins
Intrinsic factor
A chemical in gastric juice that binds to vitamin B-12.
Pyloric sphincter
The sphincter between the stomach and the small intestine.
Duodenum
The first region of the small intestine.
Jejunum
The second region of the small intestine.
Ileum
The last region of the small intestine.
Mucosa
The inner lining of the small intestine.
Circular folds
Rings of mucosa that line the small intestine.
Intestinal villi
Tiny projections of cells that line the small intestine.
Microvilli
Projections in the membranes of the cells that line the small intestine.
Submucosa
The layer of the small intestine between the mucosa and the muscular layer.
Circular muscularis and longitudinal muscularis
The two muscular layers of the small intestine
Serosa
A membranous tissue that covers the longitudinal muscularis.
Intestinal glands
Glands between the villi that secrete digestive enzymes
Lacteals
Lymph vessels in the villi of the small intestine.
Ileocecal sphincter
The sphincter between the small and large intestines.
Ascending colon
The part of the large intestine on the right side of the body.
Transverse colon
The horizontal part of the colon.
Descending colon
The part of the large intestine on the left side of the body.
Sigmoid colon
The last section of the large intestine before the rectum.
Feces
What leaves the body during defecation.
Internal anal sphincter
A sphincter in the rectum that is made of smooth muscle
External anal sphincter
A sphincter in the rectum that is made of skeletal muscle.
Defecation reflex
The urge to have a bowel movement.
Defecation
The act of feces leaving your body.
