The Skull Flashcards
Functions of the skull?
Enclose and protect brain and special sense organs
Create a specialised environment in which the brain can thrive (cranial cavity)
Attachment of muscle and meninges
What are the three layers of the bones in the cranium?
Outer plate - compact bone
Diploe- reduces the weight
Inner plate - compact bone
What can the cranium be divided into?
Calvaria aka neurocranium which houses the brain - 8 bones
Facial bones - 14
Which bones form the cap of the cranium?
Frontal
Parietal
Occipital
Temporal
What grooves does the parietal bone have?
Grooves of:
- middle meaningeal artery
- sagittal sulcus
- granular pits
- sigmoid sinus
What are the four parts of the occipital bone arranged around?
Foramen magnum
Which bones form the floor of the calvaria? (Aka cranial fossa, cranial base)
Sphenoidal
Ethmoid
Temporal
Features of the sphenoid bone?
Has the sphenoid sinus
Greater and lesser wings
Pterygoid process
Optic groove
What can fracture of the ethmoid bone lead to?
Anosmia (loss of sense of smell)
Features of the temporal bone?
Squamous portion Mastoid process Mandibular fossa Zygomatic process External auditory meatus Styloid process
Features of the ethmoid bone?
Allows passage of olfactory nerve fibres Cribriform plate Crista galli Ethmoid bulla Ethmoid air cells
What do the bones of the cranial base provide articulation for?
C1 (atlas)
Facial bones
Mandible
What can the calvaria be divided into?
Cap and floor of calvaria
Name the bones of the facial skeleton
Zygomatic Lacrimal Nasal Inferior nasal conchae Palatine Vomer Maxillae Mandible Frontal
How do most of the bones develop?
Intramembranous ossification