The Skeleton - Bones And Joints (II) Flashcards
What does the characteristic structure of a joint determine?
The type and amount of movement that may occur, reflecting a compromise between the need for strength and the need for mobility
What are the two ways of classing joints?
Structural (based on the intervening tissue) and functional (based on the range of motion)
What are the 3 functional classifications of joints?
Synarthrosis
Amphiarthrosis
Diarthrosis
Define Synarthrosis
(Syn = together, arthros = joint) - Fixed Joint
Define amphiarthrosis
(amphi = on both sides, arthros = joint) - Slightly moveable joint
Define diarthrosis
(dia = through, arthros = joint) - Freely moveable
What are the structural classifications of joints
Fibrous - contains fibrous tissue
Primary Cartilaginous - Contains hyaline cartilage
Secondary Cartilaginous - Fibro Cartilage
Synovial - contains joint capsule and joint cavity containing synovial fluid
Give examples of fibrous joints
Suture (top “crack” bit in skull): Sagittal suture, coronal suture and lambdoid suture
Syndesmosis: Inferior tibiofibular joint
Gomphosis: Tooth in bony socket
Give examples of primary cartilaginous joints
Between diaphysis and epiphysis of bones
In the skull, between the sphenoid and the occipital bones on the base of the skull
Between the 1st rib and the sternum
Give examples of secondary cartilaginous joints
The intervertebral joints between the bodies of the vertebrae.
The manubriosternal joint between the body and manubrium of the sternum
The pubic symphysis between the pubic parts of the bone
Define synovial joints
Allows a lot of movement
On the outside you have fibrous capsule
Lining inside of fibrous capsule contains synovial membrane which secretes fluid called serous fluid, and this fluid goes into the cavity and coats the articular cartilage.
What are the two types of ligaments
Intrinsic ligament
Extrinsic ligament
Define an intrinsic ligament
The fibrous capsule becomes thicker which adds extra strength
Define an extrinsic ligament
Quite far away from the joint
They are separate from the capsule
Sometimes they can be close from the capsule but the job is to strengthen the joint
What are the names of the types of joints
Gliding/planar joints
Hinge joints
Pivot joints
Ellipsoid/condyloid Joint
Saddle/sellar joint
Ball and socket joint
Define Gliding/planar joints
Have flat or slightly curved surfaces
Surfaces slide across one another
Very small amount of movement
Rotation is possible however in most cases ligaments prevent this.
Define Hinge joints
Permits angular motion in a single plane
Define Pivot joints
Permits rotation
Proximal Radioulnar joint allows pronation and supination
Atlas/Axis are in your vertebrae
Define Ellipsoid/condyloid joint
An oval articular face nestles within a depression in an opposing surface
Angular motion occurs in two planes - along or across the length of the oval
Define saddle/sellar joint
The two surfaces are said to fit together like a rider in a saddle
Each articular surface is concave on one side and convex in another
Permits angular rotation, including circumduction, but prevents rotation
Define ball and socket joint
The round head of one bone rests within a cup-shaped depression in another
All combinations of angular and rotational movements, including circumduction, can be performed
