The Skeleton - Bones And Joints (II)

Question 1

What does the characteristic structure of a joint determine?

Answer 1

The type and amount of movement that may occur, reflecting a compromise between the need for strength and the need for mobility

Question 2

What are the two ways of classing joints?

Answer 2

Structural (based on the intervening tissue) and functional (based on the range of motion)

Question 3

What are the 3 functional classifications of joints?

Answer 3

Synarthrosis
Amphiarthrosis
Diarthrosis

Question 4

Define Synarthrosis

Answer 4

(Syn = together, arthros = joint) - Fixed Joint

Question 5

Define amphiarthrosis

Answer 5

(amphi = on both sides, arthros = joint) - Slightly moveable joint

Question 6

Define diarthrosis

Answer 6

(dia = through, arthros = joint) - Freely moveable

Question 7

What are the structural classifications of joints

Answer 7

Fibrous - contains fibrous tissue
Primary Cartilaginous - Contains hyaline cartilage
Secondary Cartilaginous - Fibro Cartilage
Synovial - contains joint capsule and joint cavity containing synovial fluid

Question 8

Give examples of fibrous joints

Answer 8

Suture (top “crack” bit in skull): Sagittal suture, coronal suture and lambdoid suture
Syndesmosis: Inferior tibiofibular joint
Gomphosis: Tooth in bony socket

Question 9

Give examples of primary cartilaginous joints

Answer 9

Between diaphysis and epiphysis of bones
In the skull, between the sphenoid and the occipital bones on the base of the skull
Between the 1st rib and the sternum

Question 10

Give examples of secondary cartilaginous joints

Answer 10

The intervertebral joints between the bodies of the vertebrae.
The manubriosternal joint between the body and manubrium of the sternum
The pubic symphysis between the pubic parts of the bone

Question 11

Define synovial joints

Answer 11

Allows a lot of movement
On the outside you have fibrous capsule
Lining inside of fibrous capsule contains synovial membrane which secretes fluid called serous fluid, and this fluid goes into the cavity and coats the articular cartilage.

Question 12

What are the two types of ligaments

Answer 12

Intrinsic ligament
Extrinsic ligament

Question 13

Define an intrinsic ligament

Answer 13

The fibrous capsule becomes thicker which adds extra strength

Question 14

Define an extrinsic ligament

Answer 14

Quite far away from the joint
They are separate from the capsule
Sometimes they can be close from the capsule but the job is to strengthen the joint

Question 15

What are the names of the types of joints

Answer 15

Gliding/planar joints
Hinge joints
Pivot joints
Ellipsoid/condyloid Joint
Saddle/sellar joint
Ball and socket joint

Question 16

Define Gliding/planar joints

Answer 16

Have flat or slightly curved surfaces
Surfaces slide across one another
Very small amount of movement
Rotation is possible however in most cases ligaments prevent this.

Question 17

Define Hinge joints

Answer 17

Permits angular motion in a single plane

Question 18

Define Pivot joints

Answer 18

Permits rotation
Proximal Radioulnar joint allows pronation and supination
Atlas/Axis are in your vertebrae

Question 19

Define Ellipsoid/condyloid joint

Answer 19

An oval articular face nestles within a depression in an opposing surface
Angular motion occurs in two planes - along or across the length of the oval

Question 20

Define saddle/sellar joint

Answer 20

The two surfaces are said to fit together like a rider in a saddle
Each articular surface is concave on one side and convex in another
Permits angular rotation, including circumduction, but prevents rotation

Question 21

Define ball and socket joint

Answer 21

The round head of one bone rests within a cup-shaped depression in another
All combinations of angular and rotational movements, including circumduction, can be performed