The skeleton 2 Flashcards by janice edos

Pectoral girdle - What bones make the pectoral girdles and what is function?

2 pairs: clavicles and scapulae
- movement in shoulder joint
- attachment point of muscles that move upper limbs

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Pectoral girdle - How does scapulae affect pectoral girdle?

bones are light and very moveable because scapulae only attaches laterally

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Pectoral girdle - What is the glenoid cavity?

shallow and poorly reinforced
- socket articulates with the hear of humorous to form shoulder joint

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Pectoral girdle - what is the clavicles and what is special about the way they are designed?

collarbones
- designed in an s-shape so they fracture outwards to protect internal organs

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Pectoral girdle - what is the scapulae, the structure, location and boarders?

shoulder blades
- thin, triangle, flat bones
- dorsally, between ribs 2 and 7
- 3 boarders: superior, medial and lateral

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Pectoral girdle - what is the function of the fossae in the scapulae and name of the 3 types?

for muscle attachment
- supraspinous fossa
- infraspinous fossa
- subscapular fossa

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Pectoral girdle - what is the descriptions of the spine, acromion, and coracoid process?

S - divides into superior and inferior
A - articulates with clavicles
CP - attachment for the biceps

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Upper limb - how many bones are there and what are the 3 divisions?

60
- arm
- forearm
- hand

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Humerus - what does it articulate with?

scapula, radius, and ulna

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Humerus - what is the function of the head, anatomical neck and surgical neck?

H - fits into glenoid cavity to form shoulder joint
AN - groove surrounding the head
SN - most common fracture point - below tubercles

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Humerus - what is the function of the greater and lesser tubercle?

rotator cuff tendons

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Humerus - what does the trochlea and capitulum articulate with?

T - ulna
C - radius

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Forearm - What are the bones and what do they articulate with?

radius and ulna
- humerus and wrist bones

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Forearm - what is the interosseous membrane and its functions?

connects the lateral margin of ulna to medial margin of radius
- stability and attachment site

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What is the is the ulna also called and is it longer than the radius?

elbow joint
- yes

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Forearm - what is the function of the olecranon and coronoid processes of the ulna?

attachment point for muscles that control elbow movement and joint stability
- O also prevents hyperextension

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Forearm - what does the radial notch on the coronoid process do and what is the styloid process?

radius pivots to allow forearm rotation
ligament to the wrist - connect ulna to wrist

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Articulation at the elbow - what is the function of the trochlea?

hinge joint for movement

Forearm - what is the function of the ulnar notch of radius, radial styloid process, and ulnar styloid process?

UN - pronation and suspiration (both mean inward and outward rotation)
RS - attachment for ligaments of wrist
US - stability

Hand - how many bones are in the hand and what are their categories?

27
- carpus
- metacarpus
- phalanges

Hand - what is the carpus also known as, how many bones are there and what are the only bones that articulate it?

wrist
- 8
- scaphoid and lunate

Hand - what are the metacarpals and what does it form?

5 long bone
- knuckles (distal ends)

Hand - how are the metacarpals numbered and what are the articulated with?

I - V from thumb to pinky
- wrist bones

Hand - what are the phalanges, how are they numbered and what are the 3 sections/ the exception?

3/ finger and 2/thumb = miniature long bones
- I-V from thumb to pinky
- proximal, middle and distal
- thumb

Hand - What does pollex mean/ refer to?

the thumb - only has the proximal and distal (opposable)

Pelvic girdle - what forms the pelvic girdle/ where are they united and what is its function of the bones?

left and right coxal bones anteriorly and sacrum posteriorly - locomotion and structural support

Pelvic girdle - what does it attach to and what are the functions of the structure?

lower limbs - transmits from upper body to lower limbs; supports pelvic organs

Pelvic girdle - what are the 3 bones that fuse at puberty called and what is the acetabulum?

- ilium, ischium, and pubis - area where all 3 bones join (forms socket of hip)

Pelvic girdle- what is the ilium and what is the difference between the iliac crest and iliac spines?

large flaring bone that forms most of os coxa - joins anterior with ischium and pubis IC - superior boarder IS - attachment of muscles

Pelvic girdle - what is the ischium and what is the ischial tuberosity?

posterior/ inferior part of hip bone - superior joins ilium IT - sitting bone and an attachment site for the hamstring and the other muscles

Pelvic girdle - what is the pubis and where do the 2 bones unite?

anterior part of os cosa - at the pubis symphysis (allows some degree of movement and flexibility)

Pelvic girdle - what is the function of the public crest and obturator foramen?

PC - attaches muscles OB - allows blood vessels and nerves to pass through

Pelvic girdle - what is the difference between the male and female PG?

Male: - tilted less forward (50 to 60 degrees) - heavier build and stronger muscles - cavity is narrow and deep Female: - tilted forward (80 to 90 degrees) - lighter bones, thinner and smoother - broad, shallow and has a greater capacity

Lower limb - what is the thigh and what is the difference between the head and fovia capitis?

H - articulates to form hip joints (proximal) FC - ligament from femur to pelvis

Lower limb - what is the leg made of?

tibia and fibula - interosseus membrane - proximal and distal tibiofibular joints (rigid - the connections)

Lower limb - what is the difference between the lat&med condyles and the lat&med epicondyles?

LMC - articulate the tibia (knee joint) LME - attachment of muscles and ligaments to the knee

Lower limb - what is the difference between the neck and patellar surface?

N - angles laterally to shaft (weak due to stress fractures or osteoporosis) PS - between condyles - knee joint

Lower limb - what does the medial and lateral condyles affect the tibia?

articulates with femur creating knee joint

Lower limb - what is the tibia and how does it deal with weight?

next largest and strongest bone - receives weight from femur and transfer it to foot

Lower limb - what is the fibula?

head and lateral malleolus - not weight bearing/ no articulation with femur

Lower limb - how many bones are in the foot and what are the 3 divisions?

26 - tarsus (ankle bone) - metatarsus - phalanges

Lower limb - what is the tarsus of the foot/ what are the divisions?

7 tarsus - calcaneus (largest and heel bone) - talus (part of ankle joint - range of motion)

Lower limb - what is the metatarsus and how are they numbered?

5 miniature long bones - I-V (big toe to pinky)

Lower limb - what is the phalanges and which one is the big toe missing?

made up of proximal, middle, and distal - middle