The skeleton 2 Flashcards
Pectoral girdle - What bones make the pectoral girdles and what is function?
2 pairs: clavicles and scapulae
- movement in shoulder joint
- attachment point of muscles that move upper limbs
Pectoral girdle - How does scapulae affect pectoral girdle?
bones are light and very moveable because scapulae only attaches laterally
Pectoral girdle - What is the glenoid cavity?
shallow and poorly reinforced
- socket articulates with the hear of humorous to form shoulder joint
Pectoral girdle - what is the clavicles and what is special about the way they are designed?
collarbones
- designed in an s-shape so they fracture outwards to protect internal organs
Pectoral girdle - what is the scapulae, the structure, location and boarders?
shoulder blades
- thin, triangle, flat bones
- dorsally, between ribs 2 and 7
- 3 boarders: superior, medial and lateral
Pectoral girdle - what is the function of the fossae in the scapulae and name of the 3 types?
for muscle attachment
- supraspinous fossa
- infraspinous fossa
- subscapular fossa
Pectoral girdle - what is the descriptions of the spine, acromion, and coracoid process?
S - divides into superior and inferior
A - articulates with clavicles
CP - attachment for the biceps
Upper limb - how many bones are there and what are the 3 divisions?
60
- arm
- forearm
- hand
Humerus - what does it articulate with?
scapula, radius, and ulna
Humerus - what is the function of the head, anatomical neck and surgical neck?
H - fits into glenoid cavity to form shoulder joint
AN - groove surrounding the head
SN - most common fracture point - below tubercles
Humerus - what is the function of the greater and lesser tubercle?
rotator cuff tendons
Humerus - what does the trochlea and capitulum articulate with?
T - ulna
C - radius
Forearm - What are the bones and what do they articulate with?
radius and ulna
- humerus and wrist bones
Forearm - what is the interosseous membrane and its functions?
connects the lateral margin of ulna to medial margin of radius
- stability and attachment site
What is the is the ulna also called and is it longer than the radius?
elbow joint
- yes
Forearm - what is the function of the olecranon and coronoid processes of the ulna?
attachment point for muscles that control elbow movement and joint stability
- O also prevents hyperextension
Forearm - what does the radial notch on the coronoid process do and what is the styloid process?
- radius pivots to allow forearm rotation
- ligament to the wrist - connect ulna to wrist
Articulation at the elbow - what is the function of the trochlea?
hinge joint for movement
Forearm - what is the function of the ulnar notch of radius, radial styloid process, and ulnar styloid process?
UN - pronation and suspiration (both mean inward and outward rotation)
RS - attachment for ligaments of wrist
US - stability
Hand - how many bones are in the hand and what are their categories?
27
- carpus
- metacarpus
- phalanges
Hand - what is the carpus also known as, how many bones are there and what are the only bones that articulate it?
wrist
- 8
- scaphoid and lunate
Hand - what are the metacarpals and what does it form?
5 long bone
- knuckles (distal ends)
Hand - how are the metacarpals numbered and what are the articulated with?
I - V from thumb to pinky
- wrist bones
Hand - what are the phalanges, how are they numbered and what are the 3 sections/ the exception?
3/ finger and 2/thumb = miniature long bones
- I-V from thumb to pinky
- proximal, middle and distal
- thumb
Hand - What does pollex mean/ refer to?
the thumb
- only has the proximal and distal (opposable)
Pelvic girdle - what forms the pelvic girdle/ where are they united and what is its function of the bones?
left and right coxal bones anteriorly and sacrum posteriorly
- locomotion and structural support
Pelvic girdle - what does it attach to and what are the functions of the structure?
lower limbs
- transmits from upper body to lower limbs; supports pelvic organs
Pelvic girdle - what are the 3 bones that fuse at puberty called and what is the acetabulum?
- ilium, ischium, and pubis
- area where all 3 bones join (forms socket of hip)
Pelvic girdle- what is the ilium and what is the difference between the iliac crest and iliac spines?
large flaring bone that forms most of os coxa - joins anterior with ischium and pubis
IC - superior boarder
IS - attachment of muscles
Pelvic girdle - what is the ischium and what is the ischial tuberosity?
posterior/ inferior part of hip bone
- superior joins ilium
IT - sitting bone and an attachment site for the hamstring and the other muscles
Pelvic girdle - what is the pubis and where do the 2 bones unite?
anterior part of os cosa
- at the pubis symphysis (allows some degree of movement and flexibility)
Pelvic girdle - what is the function of the public crest and obturator foramen?
PC - attaches muscles
OB - allows blood vessels and nerves to pass through
Pelvic girdle - what is the difference between the male and female PG?
Male:
- tilted less forward (50 to 60 degrees)
- heavier build and stronger muscles
- cavity is narrow and deep
Female:
- tilted forward (80 to 90 degrees)
- lighter bones, thinner and smoother
- broad, shallow and has a greater capacity
Lower limb - what is the thigh and what is the difference between the head and fovia capitis?
H - articulates to form hip joints (proximal)
FC - ligament from femur to pelvis
Lower limb - what is the leg made of?
tibia and fibula
- interosseus membrane
- proximal and distal tibiofibular joints (rigid - the connections)
Lower limb - what is the difference between the lat&med condyles and the lat&med epicondyles?
LMC - articulate the tibia (knee joint)
LME - attachment of muscles and ligaments to the knee
Lower limb - what is the difference between the neck and patellar surface?
N - angles laterally to shaft (weak due to stress fractures or osteoporosis)
PS - between condyles - knee joint
Lower limb - what does the medial and lateral condyles affect the tibia?
articulates with femur creating knee joint
Lower limb - what is the tibia and how does it deal with weight?
next largest and strongest bone
- receives weight from femur and transfer it to foot
Lower limb - what is the fibula?
head and lateral malleolus
- not weight bearing/ no articulation with femur
Lower limb - how many bones are in the foot and what are the 3 divisions?
26
- tarsus (ankle bone)
- metatarsus
- phalanges
Lower limb - what is the tarsus of the foot/ what are the divisions?
7 tarsus
- calcaneus (largest and heel bone)
- talus (part of ankle joint - range of motion)
Lower limb - what is the metatarsus and how are they numbered?
5 miniature long bones
- I-V (big toe to pinky)
Lower limb - what is the phalanges and which one is the big toe missing?
made up of proximal, middle, and distal
- middle
