Anatomical Terms Flashcards
What are the key points in the standard anatomical position?
- body erect
- feet slightly apart
- palms facing forwards with thumbs pointing away from body
What are the 2 fundamental divisions of the body?
- Axial part - head, neck and trunk
- Appendicular part - appendages or limbs attached to axis
What are the 3 common body planes?
- Sagittal plane - vertical (side view)
- Coronal plane/ frontal - vertical (front view)
- Transverse plane - horizontal plane (top view)
Describe the Sagittal plane body plane and what is the subcategories?
divides body into right and left parts
- parasagittal: any sagittal plane off-center from midline
- midsagittal: median plane - divides body into equal portions
Describe Coronal body plane and what is its secondary name?
divides body into anterior and posterior parts
- frontal plane
Describe Transverse body plane and what is its secondary name?
dividing the body into superior and inferior parts
- transverse section = cross-section
What is an oblique section?
sections made by planes that are not vertical or horizontal
- ex. diagonal
What is the difference between body planes and body sections?
BP - lines drawn through the anatomical position which describes location and direction of body structures
BS - the portion of the body created vy the plane
What are the 2 cavities that are housed in the dorsal cavity and the subsections?
houses CNS
- cranial cavity (superior) : enclosed by skull/ cranium and houses the brain
- vertebral (spinal) cavity (inferior) : enclosed by the vertebral column and houses the spinal cord
Is the dorsal body cavity continuous and which fluids and membranes make up the structure?
Yes
- fluid: cerebrospinal (protects/ cushions)
- membrane: meninges
What is the layers of dorsal body cavity?
- cranium/ vertebrae
- 2/3 layers of meninges
- CSF
- 1/3 layers of meninges
- brain/ spinal cord
What are the 2 cavities that are housed in the ventral cavity, the subsections, and what are they divided by?
larger; houses the viscera
Thoracic cavity (superior) - heart and lungs:
- 2 lateral pleural cavities
- medial mediastinum contain the central pericardial cavity
Abdominopelvic cavity (inferior)
- superior abdominal cavity (stomach, intestines, spleen, liver)
- inferior pelvic cavity (bladder, some reprod. organs, rectum)
- diaphragm
What is enclosed by the thoracic cavity and the abdominopelvic cavity (superior and inferior)?
TC - rib cage, vertebral column, sternum
ACS - ribs, muscles, vertebral column
ACI - pelvis, pelvic floor, muscles
What are the membranes in the ventral cavity and its subcategories?
serosa (serous membrane) - thin, double layered membranes that covers surface in ventral body cavity - filled with serous fluid
- parietal serosa - lines internal body cavity wall
- visceral serosa - covers internal organs
What are the cavities that are associated with the heart, lungs, and peritoneum?
- pericardium
- pleurae
- abdominopelvic cavity
What are the 4 quadrants of the abdominopelvic cavity?
- right upper quadrant (RUQ)
- right lower quadrant (RLQ)
- left upper quadrant (LUQ)
- left lower quadrant (LLQ)
What are the 9 abdominopelvic regions?
- right hypochondriac region
- right lateral (lumbar) region
- right inguinal (iliac) region
- epigastric region
- umbilical region
- pubic (hypogastric) region
- left hypochondriac region
- left lateral (lumbar) region
- left inguinal (iliac) region
What is the difference between superior, inferior, ventral and dorsal?
S - upwards
I - downwards
V - forwards
D - backwards
What is the difference between medial, lateral, proximal and distal?
M - midline of body
L - sides of body/ away from midline
P - towards trunk (axial body)
D - further from trunk (axial body)
What is the difference between superficial and deep?
S - surface
D - further from surface
What is the difference between abdominal cavity and peritoneal cavity?
AC - entire cavity
PC - the potential space between visceral and parietal peritoneum
