Bone tissue Flashcards
What is the composition of cartilage?
- avascular, devoid of nerve fibers
- ground substance contains glycosaminoglycans (chondroitin sulfate and hyaluronic acid)
- collagen fibers
- 80% water
- small cavities in matrix
What are perichondrium?
layer of dense connective tissue surrounding cartilage like gridle
- in damage areas it causes scar tissue
What is the difference between chondroblasts, chondrocytes and lacunae?
CB - immature cartilage cells - actively form cartilage
CC - mature cartilage cells - maintain cartilage
L - localized clusters of chondrocytes in cartilage
Why are lacunae in clusters?
could be the way cartilage grows
What is elastic cartilage made of, its function and location in the body?
- like hyaline cartilage, but more elastic fibers
- maintain shape, flexibility
- external ear, epiglottis
What is hyaline cartilage made of, its function and location in the body?
- collagen, glassy blue-white chondrocytes, lots of ECM
- firm support and pliability
- nose, trachea and larynx
How do bones respond to force and what does it respond to calcium?
- when force is applied, bone increases in density (deposition) and roughness or decreasing it (resorption)
- stores calcium - reabsorbed and transferred to bloodstream when needed (forms new blood)
What is fibrocartilage made of, its function and location in the body?
- rows of chondrocytes with collagen
- tensile strength
- intervertebral discs, discs of knee joints
What are the 7 functions of bones?
- support
- protection
- anchorage and movement (attach to muscles)
- mineral storage
- blood cell formation (bone marrow)
- fat storage (bone marrow)
- hormone production (bone metabolism)
What is the function of bone calcium salts and what does bone hold inside?
- gives hardness and strength for support/ protection of soft tissue
- cavities for fat storage and synthesis of blood cells
What is the cell bone tissue from WBC lineage?
osteoclast - bone resorbing cell/ tissue
- breaks down matrix
What are the stages of bone cell lineage?
- osteoprogenitor cell - stem cells
- osteoblasts - bone growth
- osteocyte - mature bone cell
What are the layers of bone?
periosteum: outer fibrous layer + inner osteogenic layer
endosteum: covers trabeculae of spongy bone and lines canal of compact bone
Calcified tissue - what is the difference in compact bone and spongy (trabecular) bone?
CB - dense, outer layer - strength and support
SB - trabeculae - middle region (red marrow in spongy bone)
What are the 2 main divisions of the skeleton?
- axial skeleton (central axis)
- appendicular skeleton (limbs)
How are bones classified and the types?
by shape
1. long
2. short
3. flat
4. irregular
Explain what flat bones shape, composition, location and function?
thin, flattened and sometimes curved
- 2 layers of compact bone with spongy middle
- skull, ribs, sternum
- protection/ muscles attachment
Explain what long bones shape, composition, location and function?
longer than wide with 2 ends
- mostly compact bones with marrow cavity
- spongy near joint ends
- weight bearing/ movement
Explain what irregular bones shape, composition, location and function?
irregular shape
- mostly spongy bone + thin layer of compact bone
- hip bone, vertebrae
- protection of nervous tissue and movement
Explain what short bones shape, composition, location and function?
cube-like shape
- mostly spongy bone + thin compact bone
- wrist, ankle
- range of movement + flexability
What is the structural parts of a typical long bone?
- diaphysis (shaft)
- epiphyses (bone ends)
- membrane
What is the function of the epiphyses and what is its composition?
- expanded for joining of bones (joints)
- compact and spongy bone with hyaline on the outer surface (reduces friction and increases shock absorption)
What does the diaphysis surround and what does it contain?
marrow cavity (medullary cavity)
- contains fat (yellow marrow)
Where is the epiphyseal located, where does it come from and what happens to it once you reach adulthood?
- between diaphysis and each epiphysis
- epiphyseal (growth) plate - longitudinal growth
- cartilage turns into bone