The skeletal system 23.09.24

Question 1

What are 4 components of the skeletal system?

Answer 1

Bone tissue
Appendicular skeleton
Axial skeleton
Joints

Question 2

What is the appendicular skeleton?

Answer 2

The limbs including the hip and shoulder girdle

Question 3

What is the axial skeleton?

Answer 3

Bones that make up the central part of the body

Question 4

What is a bone and what is it made up of?

Answer 4

An organ made up of several different tissues working together

Question 5

What is the bone made of?

Answer 5

80% compact (cortical) bone
20% spongy (trabecular) bone

Question 6

What are the four types of bones?

Answer 6

Long
Short
Flat
Irregular

Question 7

What is an example of a long bone?

Answer 7

Femur
Humerus

Question 8

What is an example of a short bone?

Answer 8

Carpals
Tarsals

Question 9

What is an example of a flat bone?

Answer 9

Skull
Mandible
Sternum
Ribs

Question 10

What is an example of an irregular bone?

Answer 10

Vertebrae
Coccyx
Pelvis

Question 11

What are the 6 functions of the skeletal system?

Answer 11

Support
Protection
Movement
Mineral + homeostasis storage and release
Produce blood cells
Triglyceride storage

Question 12

What is the bone extracellular mix?

Answer 12

Scaffold for bone cells
To help tensile strength

Question 13

What is the bone extracellular mix composed of?

Answer 13

85-90% collagen type 1 fibres

Question 14

What is the bone cellular mix composed of?

Answer 14

50-70% mineral
20-40% organic matrix
5-10% water
3% lipids

Question 15

What is bone modelling?

Answer 15

Process of bones changing shape in response to physiologic influences or mechanical force

Question 16

What is bone remodelling?

Answer 16

Process where bone is renewed to maintain bone strength + mineral homeostasis

Question 17

What 4 bone cells are used for modelling and remodelling?

Answer 17

Osteoprogenitor
Osteoblasts
Osteocytes
Osteoclasts

Question 18

What is the proportion of skeletal mass?

Answer 18

18-21% of their body mass

Question 19

What is the proportion of bone mineral content?

Answer 19

3-5% total body mass

Question 20

How many bones are in the appendicular skeleton?

Answer 20

126 incl. hip and shoulder girdle

Question 21

What is the primary function of the appendicular skeleton?

Answer 21

Movement

Question 22

Which side is the radius on?

Answer 22

The thumb side ( anatomical position)

Question 23

What are the features of long bones?

Answer 23

Hollow shaft/diaphysis
Flared cone-shaped metaphysic below growth plates
Rounded epiphysis above growth plate
Articular cartilage cover epiphysis

Question 24

What is diaphysis?

Answer 24

A collar of dense cortical bone around a central medullary artery

Question 25

What is Metaphysis + Epiphysis?

Answer 25

Composed of trabecular bone surrounded by a relatively thin shell of dense cortical bone

Question 26

What is an upper limb composed of?

Answer 26

14 phalanges 8 carpals 5 metacarpals 2 forearm bones (ulna + radius) Humerus Shoulder girdle (scapula, clavicle)

Question 27

What is a lower limb composed of?

Answer 27

14 phalanges 7 tarsals 5 metatarsals 2 leg bones (tibia, fibula) Femur Hip (ilium, ischium, pubis)

Question 28

What are the main roles of the axial skeleton?

Answer 28

Protection Support Calcium storage + release

Question 29

How many bones in the axial skeleton?

Answer 29

80 bones

Question 30

What are the 3 types of joints

Answer 30

Fibrous Cartilaginous Synovial