The Skeletal System

Question 1

Functions of Skeleton

Answer 1

Support/Shape
Protection
Movement
Blood cells production (calcium, phosphorus)
Mineral storage

Question 2

Types of bones and their functions

Answer 2

Long bones-movement
Short bones-weight bearing, shock absorber, movement
Irregular bones-protection and muscle attachment
Flat bones-protection and muscle attachment

Question 3

What are 5 flat bones

Answer 3

Cranium— protects the brain.
Sternum and ribs — protect the heart and lungs.The ribs also protect the kidneys.
Scapula - protects the shoulder joint and has many muscles attached to it, helping arm and shoulder movement.
Pelvis - protects the reproductive organs and the bladder. It also has many muscles attached to it, helping leg movement.

Question 4

What are 3 short bones

Answer 4

Carpals — form the wrist and give it stability, allowing movement of the hand.
Tarsals— bear the body’s weight when on foot, e.g. during standing and running.
The patella is a different type of bone — it’s a sesamoid bone.

Question 5

What are 10 long bones

Answer 5

Clavicle - forms part of the shoulder joint to assist arm movement.
Humerus — used by muscles to move the whole arm, e.g. swinging a badminton racket.
Ulna and radius — used by muscles to move the lower arm, e.g. bending at the elbow.
Femur — used by muscles to move the whole leg, e.g. when running.
Fibula and tibia — used by muscles to move the lower leg, e.g. to kick a football.
Metacarpals — used by muscles to allow the hand to grip, e.g. to hold a cricket ball.
Phalanges — used by muscles to move and bend the fingers and toes.
Metatarsals — used by muscles to move the foot, e.g. when jumping.

Question 6

Structure of the vertebral column

Answer 6

Cervical - Seven vertebrae at the top of the spine.
Thoracic - Twelve vertebrae below the cervical region.
Lumbar — Five vertebrae below the thoracic region.
Sacrum - Five vertebrae fused together below the lumbar region.
Coccyx - Four vertebrae fused together at the bottom of the spine.

Question 7

What are 8 different kinds of joint movement

Answer 7

Flexion
Extension
Adduction
Abduction
Rotation
Circumduction
Plantar-flexion
Dorsi-flexion

Question 8

What are 4 joint types

Answer 8

Ball and socket-hip,shoulder
Hinge-knee,ankle,elbow
Condyloid-wrist
Pivot-neck

Question 9

Connective tissues join muscle and bones

Answer 9

Cartilage
Ligaments-hold bones together
Tendons-attach muscles to bones