The Muscular System Flashcards
What are 2 types of muscle
Voluntary muscles-Attached to the skeleton and are under your control. They help to move the body.
Involuntarily muscle-Work internal organs without effort from you, e.g. muscles in blood vessels control the amount of blood flowing to voluntary muscles (cardiac muscle is a type of involuntary muscle that forms the heart)
The 7 muscles at the front of the body
PECTORALIS MAJOR - adduction and flexion (horizontally) at the shoulder, e.g. during a forehand drive in tennis.
DELTOID - flexion, extension, abduction or circumduction at the shoulder, e.g. during front crawl in swimming.
BICEPS — flexion at the elbow, e.g. when curling weights.
EXTERNAL OBLIQUES - rotation or flexion at the waist, e.g. preparing to throw a discus.
HIP FLEXORS — flexion of the leg at the hip, e.g. lifting the knee when sprinting.
QUADRICEPS — extension at the knee, e.g. when performing a drop kick in rugby.
TIBIALIS ANTERIOR — dorsi-flexion at the ankle, e.g. during a heel side turn in snowboarding.
The 5 muscles at the back of the body
TRICEPS - extension at the elbow, e.g. during a jump shot in netball.
LATISSIMUS DORSI - extension, adduction or rotation at the shoulder, e.g. during butterfly stroke in swimming.
GLUTEUS MAXIMUS - extension of the leg at the hip, e.g. pushing the body forward when running.
HAMSTRINGS - flexion at the knee, e.g. bringing the foot back before kicking a football.
GASTROCNEMIUS — plantar-flexion at the ankle, e.g. standing on the toes in ballet pointe work.
Antagonistic muscles
Agonist-the muscle that contracts to produce the movement
Antagonist-the muscle what relax
What are 4 antagonistic pairs
KNEE - hamstrings & quadriceps
Flexion - agonist - hamstrings
antagonist — quadriceps
Extension — agonist — quadriceps
antagonist — hamstrings
ELBOW — biceps & triceps
Flexion — agonist — biceps
antagonist — triceps
Extension — agonist — triceps
antagonist — biceps
HIP - hip flexors & gluteus maximus
Flexion - agonist — hip flexors
antagonist — gluteus maximus
Extension - agonist - gluteus maximus
antagonist — hip flexors
ANKLE - gastrocnemius & tibialis anterior
Plantar-flexion - agonist — gastrocnemius
antagonist — tibialis anterior
Dorsi-flexion — agonist — tibialis anterior
antagonist — gastrocnemius
What are types of muscle fibre
SLOW TWITCH
TYPE I — Suited to low intensity aerobic work (e.g. marathon running) as they can be used for a long period of time without fatiguing.
FAST TWITCH
TYPE IIA - Used in anaerobic work, but can be improved through endurance training to increase their resistance to fatigue.
TYPE IIX — Used in anaerobic work.
Can generate a much greater force than other fibre types but fatigue quickly. Useful in short bursts of exercise, e.g. a 100 m sprint.
