The Skeletal System Flashcards
How many bones are in the human body
206
The axial skeleton
-Centre of body
- 80 bones
- includes skull, ears, neck, back and rib cage
The appendicular skeleton
The rest of the Skelton
Shoulder girdle, upper limbs, the pelvic girdle and lower limbs
What are the types of bones
Long bones
Short bones
Irregular bones
Sesamoid bone
Flat bone
Long bones
Lower limbs
Femur, tibia and fibula
Short bones
Small, light, strong and spongy bones covered in crust of a harder compact
Carpals of hand
Irregular bone
Comped shapes
Vertebrae
Flat bone
Thin and flat, slightly curved with large surface area
Sternum
Sesamoid bone
Reduce pressure, minimise friction and aids movement
The patella
Functions of the skeletal system
Shape and support
Movement
Protection
Blood cell production
Mineral storage
Ligaments
Hold bones in place at joints
Fibrous tissue that holds bone in place
Prevents over movement
Bursae
Small sac like structure filled with fluid
Acts as cushion to decrease friction between bones tendons and muscles
Tendons
Attach muscles to bones across joints
Tough connective tissue withstanding significant stress
Cartilage
Thought band of connective tissue that attach muscles to bones
Can be put under extreme stress when muscle pull on them
Synovial capsules
Encloses joint
Keeps synovial fluid around the joint
Synovial membrane
Line synovial capsule
Produces synovial fluid
Abduction
Movement away from midline of the body
Adduction
Towards midline of the body
Flexion
Bending limbs at the joint
Extension
Straightening of the limbs
Circumduction
Circular movement at a fixed point, combination of flexion, extension adduction and abduction
Rotation
Movement along a single axis either cw or acw
Dorsiflexion
Toes are brought towards the shin
Plantar flexion
Movement where the sole of the foot is brought closer to the back of the leg
Ball and socket joint
Shoulder or hip
All movements
Condyloid
Wrist
Flexion, extension abduction and adduction
Saddle
Thumb
Flexion and extension, abduction and adduction
Pivot
Neck
Rotation
Hinge
Elbow, finger, toe, knee and ankle
Plane/ gliding
Hand and foot
Sliding or gliding
Long term effects of excercise
Bones become stronger and denser
Cartilage becomes thicker and provides increased protection and cushioning
Tendons thicker and stronger, withstand greater forces
