Cardiovascular System Flashcards
Functions of the cardiovascular system
Transport oxygen and nutrients
Remove waste products eg co2 and lactic acid
Clots cuts and open wounds
Regulates body temperature
Regulating body temp
If we get to hot blood dilates close to the skin blood is then diverted to the surface of skin to radiate out
The pulmonary circuit
Deoxygenated blood comes back from muscles
Enters the heart through the superior vena cava
Right atrium connects the blood is pumped into right ventricle
Tricuspid valve prevents back flow into the atrium
Right ventricle then contracts and pumps deoxygenated blood into pulmonary artery and then goes to the lungs
The pulmonic valve prevents back flow of blood into right ventricle
Blood offloads co2 and picks up 02 from alveoli
Oxygenated blood travels back to heart via pulmonary vein
Systemic circuit
Left atrium contract blood is pumped to left ventricle
Left ventricle pumps oxygenated blood to aorta which then goes to working muscles
Blood offloads o2 to muscles
Blood travels back to heart in veins and enters right atrium to via the vena cava
Blood during excercise
Higher pressure and velocity as it leaves heart
Reduced pressure as it moves through vessels
Blood flow is re diverted to skeletal muscle via vasoconstriction
Vasodilation heat from muscles transported to skin where it can be lost to the air
Heart rate
Number of cardiac cycles (heart beats) per minute
Stroke volume
Amount of blood pumped out of heart per beat
Cardiac output
Amount of blood pumped out from heart in 1 minute
Formulas
Heart rate x stroke volume= cardiac output
Vasodilation
Widened, so more blood can get through to get more oxygen and nutrients to working muscles
Short term effects
-Adrenaline causes increased heart rate
- cardiac output increases, stroke volume increases, production of co2 increases, body temp increases, blood pressure increases.
- vasoconstriction and vasodilation ensure blood is directed to areas it is needed. Muscles receive 80-85% compared to 15-20% during rest
- muscles take more oxygen
- muscles take 17ml/100ml compared to 6ml/100ml when resting
- blood acidity increases as amount of lactic acid is a lot
Long terms 6-8 weeks after training
Heart is larger and thicker, means more force
Heart chambers become larger, means more blood can be held
Increase in stroke volume
More blood capillaries, greater supply of o2 and nutrients
Body can delay and resist build up of lactic acid
All these adaptations allow
Higher work rate
Keep going for longer
Recover quicker
Reduced risk of cvd
