The Skeletal System Flashcards
What does the skeleton provide the body with ?
Attachment for the muscular systems movement
Protection for the vital organs
How are bones formed ?
Through a process called ossification
How many bones are in the human body ?
206 bones
What is ossification ?
This is also known as bone remodelling. It is the process of laying down new bone material by cells called osteoblasts
What is the Skeleton divided into ?
Axial skeleton
Appendicular skeletons
What is cartilage ?
This is a tough, flexible connective tissue that covers the ends of bones at joints.
What does cartilage provide ?
Provides cushioning to reduce friction and absorb shock during movement.
This supports structures such as the nose, ears and trachea
What cartilage is found at the end of the bone ?
Hyaline cartilage
What is meant by articulation ?
Where bones meet at the joints
Does cartilage have its own blood supply ?
No it doesn’t
This means regenerating or regrowing cartilage takes a substantial period of time.
What bones articulate at the hip joint ?
The pelvis and femur
What bones articulate at the knee joint
Femur and tibia
What bones articulate at the shoulder joint ?
Scapula and humerus
What bones articulate at the elbow joint ?
Humerus, radius and ulna
What bones articulate at the ankle joint ?
Tibia, fibula and talus
What bones articulate at the wrist joint ?
Carpals and radius
How many types of bones are there ?
5
What are the 5 types of bones ?
Flat
Long
Short
Irregular
Sesamoid
Give an example for each type of Bone
Flat- scapula
Long- femur
Short- talus, carpals
Irregular- vertebrae
Sesamoid- patella
What is the function of the long bones ?
Provide leverage for movement and acts as a site for red and white blood cell production
What is the function of short bones ?
Provide stability, support and allows for some movement
What is the function of flat bones ?
Protect vital organs and provide a large surface area for muscle attachment
What is the function of irregular bones ?
Provide protection and support and allows for muscle attachment
What is the function of Sesamoid bones ?
Acts of leverage for movement, reduces friction and protects tendons from over stress
Overall leverage and protection
What is the function of the axial skeleton
Protection, ensuring posture and red blood cell production
What is the functions of appendicular skeleton
Allows for movement and muscle attachment
What bones are part of the axial skeleton ?
These bones form the central core of the body:
Skull- Cranium, mandible
Vertebral column- cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacrum, coccyx and ilium
Ribcage and sternum
What bones are found in the appendicular skeleton ?
Consist of bones used for movement and limb attachment
Upper limbs e.g clavicle, radius and carpals
Lower limbs e.g femur, patella and tarsals
How many sections to the vertebrae are there ?
5
Name all 5 sections of the vertebrae and how many vertebrae they have
Cervical- 7
Thoracic- 12
Lumbar-5
Sacrum-5 fused
Coccyx- 4 fused
How much of the body’s height is made up of the vertebral column ?
2/5
How many bones in the vertebrae column ?
33
