The Skeletal System Flashcards
What are the main functions of the skeletal system
- Protection
- Support
- Movement
- Mineral storage
- Red Blood cell Production
How many bones are found in adults ?
206
How many bones are found in newborns ?
300
What is the typical structure of bones?
- Outer layer: Hard or compact bone. (strong, dense and tough) - for structure
- Inside: Spongy Bone (lighter and slightly flexible) - Shock absorption
- Middle: Bone Marrow (jelly like) - Site of Red blood cell production
How many bones are in the vertebral Column (backbone, spine or spinal chord)
33 irregularly shaped bones.
What does the vertebral column do?
- Absorbs shock
- provides protection to the spinal chord
What are the 5 categories of the bones in the vertebral column
- Cervical (7 vertebrae)
- Thoracic (12 vertebrae)
- Lumber (5 vertebrae)
- Sarum (5 fused vertebrae)
- Cocyx (4 fused vertebrae)
What is found in the middle of the vertebral column
Spinal chord
What is found between the vertebrae?
Disks
List the anatomical movements ( 10 movements )
Flextion, Extension, abduction, adduction, circumduction, rotation, supernation, pronation, dorsi flextion, planter flextion
What are the five types of bones?
- Long bones
- Short bones
- Flat bones
- Irregular bones
- sesamoid bones
What are the functions of each type of bones
- Long bones: Movement
- Short bones: Absorb shock
- Flat bones: Provide vitals and organs with protection
- Irregular bones: Mainly provide protection and support.
- Sesamoid bones: relieves tension and stress (impact) on tendons and muscles.
Facts about long bones and examples
- Found in limbs
- Serves as levers for movement
- Greater length than width
- Mostly compact bones
examples: Femur, Humerus, ulna, radius, tibla
Facts about short bones with examples
- Very strong but have less movement.
- Nearly equal length and width
- Mostly spongy with outer compact bone
examples: Carpals, bones of wrist and ankle
Facts about flat bones and examples
- Usually thin
- Two layers of compact bone → covers thin layer of spongy bone
- Provides protection + large area for muscle attachment
examples: Cranium, sternum, ribs
Facts of irregular bones and examples
- Mainly provide protection and support.
examples: Mandible and vertebrae
Facts about sesamoid bone and examples
- Relieve tension and stress (impact) on tendons and muscles, acting as an additional attachment point.
example: Patella
What are the three types of connective tissues
- Joints - where two bones meets (joints have 3 different classifications)
- Ligaments - connects bone to bone - create a joint
- Tendon - are connective tissue that connects muscle to bone - provides stability to joint
Joint classification
- Fixed (no movement, such a shoulder and hip)
- Cartilaginous (slight movement, such as ribs and sternum)
- synovial (free movement, such as hip, knee and ankle)
Facts about synovial joints
- Most common type of joint
- Articular cartilage encases the ends of the bones within the joint cavity
- Cartilage has synovial fluid, which allows bones to move smoothly without rubbing)
Types of synovial joints
- Ball and Socket, flexion, extension and abduction (examples shoulder and hip)
- Hinge, flexion and extension (examples knee and elbow)
- Condyloid, Flexion, extension, abduction (examples, wrist)
