The Skeletal System

Question 1

What are the main functions of the skeletal system

Answer 1

1. Protection
2. Support
3. Movement
4. Mineral storage
5. Red Blood cell Production

Question 2

How many bones are found in adults ?

Answer 2

206

Question 3

How many bones are found in newborns ?

Answer 3

300

Question 4

What is the typical structure of bones?

Answer 4

1. Outer layer: Hard or compact bone. (strong, dense and tough) - for structure
2. Inside: Spongy Bone (lighter and slightly flexible) - Shock absorption
3. Middle: Bone Marrow (jelly like) - Site of Red blood cell production

Question 5

How many bones are in the vertebral Column (backbone, spine or spinal chord)

Answer 5

33 irregularly shaped bones.

Question 6

What does the vertebral column do?

Answer 6

1. Absorbs shock
2. provides protection to the spinal chord

Question 7

What are the 5 categories of the bones in the vertebral column

Answer 7

1. Cervical (7 vertebrae)
2. Thoracic (12 vertebrae)
3. Lumber (5 vertebrae)
4. Sarum (5 fused vertebrae)
5. Cocyx (4 fused vertebrae)

Question 8

What is found in the middle of the vertebral column

Answer 8

Spinal chord

Question 9

What is found between the vertebrae?

Answer 9

Disks

Question 10

List the anatomical movements ( 10 movements )

Answer 10

Flextion, Extension, abduction, adduction, circumduction, rotation, supernation, pronation, dorsi flextion, planter flextion

Question 11

What are the five types of bones?

Answer 11

1. Long bones
2. Short bones
3. Flat bones
4. Irregular bones
5. sesamoid bones

Question 12

What are the functions of each type of bones

Answer 12

1. Long bones: Movement
2. Short bones: Absorb shock
3. Flat bones: Provide vitals and organs with protection
4. Irregular bones: Mainly provide protection and support.
5. Sesamoid bones: relieves tension and stress (impact) on tendons and muscles.

Question 13

Facts about long bones and examples

Answer 13

1. Found in limbs
2. Serves as levers for movement
3. Greater length than width
4. Mostly compact bones

examples: Femur, Humerus, ulna, radius, tibla

Question 14

Facts about short bones with examples

Answer 14

1. Very strong but have less movement.
2. Nearly equal length and width
3. Mostly spongy with outer compact bone

examples: Carpals, bones of wrist and ankle

Question 15

Facts about flat bones and examples

Answer 15

1. Usually thin
2. Two layers of compact bone → covers thin layer of spongy bone
3. Provides protection + large area for muscle attachment

examples: Cranium, sternum, ribs

Question 16

Facts of irregular bones and examples

Answer 16

1. Mainly provide protection and support.

examples: Mandible and vertebrae

Question 17

Facts about sesamoid bone and examples

Answer 17

1. Relieve tension and stress (impact) on tendons and muscles, acting as an additional attachment point.

example: Patella

Question 18

What are the three types of connective tissues

Answer 18

1. Joints - where two bones meets (joints have 3 different classifications)
2. Ligaments - connects bone to bone - create a joint
3. Tendon - are connective tissue that connects muscle to bone - provides stability to joint

Question 19

Joint classification

Answer 19

1. Fixed (no movement, such a shoulder and hip)
2. Cartilaginous (slight movement, such as ribs and sternum)
3. synovial (free movement, such as hip, knee and ankle)

Question 20

Facts about synovial joints

Answer 20

1. Most common type of joint
2. Articular cartilage encases the ends of the bones within the joint cavity
3. Cartilage has synovial fluid, which allows bones to move smoothly without rubbing)

Question 21

Types of synovial joints

Answer 21

1. Ball and Socket, flexion, extension and abduction (examples shoulder and hip)
2. Hinge, flexion and extension (examples knee and elbow)
3. Condyloid, Flexion, extension, abduction (examples, wrist)