The significance of support for the challengers from Burgundy, France, Scotland and Ireland.

Question 1

Why did Kildare support Simnel?

Answer 1

Kildare was vulnerable as a Yorkist supporter when Henry seized control

If Simnel were to be successful, Kildare would be able to keep his hold over Ireland intact

Question 2

Why did Kildare not support Warbeck?

Answer 2

After Simnel, Kildare was reluctant to get involved directly instead watched from the sidelines - neither helping or stopping Warbeck

Question 3

How did Kildare support Simnel?

Answer 3

By providing troops and a base to launch an invasion

Helped crown Simnel but did not take part in the invasion of England

Question 4

The result of Kildare not supporting Warbeck?

Answer 4

Warbeck was unable to raise much Irish military support and was forced to leave Ireland rapidly without an invasion force.

Question 5

Henry’s response to Irish support for Simnel?

Answer 5

Chose to pardon Kildare and other Simnel supporters

Henry initially wanted Kildare to take out bonds for future good behaviour but instead forced to accept a simple oath of loyalty from Kildare who allowed to remain as Deputy in Ireland

Question 6

Henry’s response to Irish support for Warbeck

Answer 6

Henry sent a small force to deal with Warbeck in 1492 and Henry removed Kildare from his post as deputy but his replacements could not control ireland like Kildare

In 1494, Henry sent Poynings to ireland who introduced ‘Poynings’ Law’ in 1495 stating no irish parliament could be summoned unless approved by the English - imposed to a system that ensured Ireland’s obedience to English Crown so no threat for the rest of period

Question 7

Why was Ireland a threat?

Answer 7

Strategic postion made it a good launching pad for invasions of england
Henry did not have the military strength to interfere directly with in Irish affairs

Recognised by Warbeck who first launched a challenge to henry in Cork and tried to return in 1495/1497 for military support

Question 8

Why did Margaret support support Henry’s rivals?

Answer 8

a diehard Yorkist and sister of Richard III

used her position to restore a Yorkist monarch to the throne

Question 9

How did Margaret support Simnel?

Answer 9

Margaret offered protection and active support to a series of Yorkist plotters including John de la Pole, Francis Lovell and Perkin Warbeck.

In 1487 Margaret provided 2000 German mercenaries to support the Yorkist-led invasion

Question 10

How did Margaret support Warbeck?

Answer 10

Margaret provided protection to him 1493-1495

Question 11

How did Henry deal with the threat of Burgundy?

Answer 11

enforced a trade embargo to put pressure

united against france in a war broke out over control of parts of italy

1496: signed a treaty known as Intercursus Magnus in which both sides ahreed to lift the trade embargo Margaret agreed to stop supporting Warbeck and and was threatened with the loss of her lands if she did

Question 12

Why and how did France support Warbeck

Answer 12

France was England’s traditional enemy

Charless VII welcomed Warbeck in early 1492

Question 13

How did Henry deal with the threat of France?

Answer 13

October 1492: Henry launched an invasion of France wanting to inconvenience Charles VIII - as a result Chales ahreed to negotiate

Signed the Treaty of Etaples 1492

Question 14

Treaty of Etaples 1492

Answer 14

Charles agreed to no longer welcome Henry’s enemies, Henry also got annual pension of 50,000 crowns

meant that Henry had stopped the potential threat of a French-backed Yorist challenge and enhanced his finacial position

Question 15

Why did Scotland support Warbeck

Answer 15

Another of England’s traditional enemies

James became more interested in asserting his country’s place in europe and this meant challenging England’s power through supporting Warbeck

Question 16

How did James IV support Warbeck

Answer 16

James welcomed Warbeck into Scotland and arranged a marriage between the pretender and his cousin Lady Catherine Gordon

Warbecl invaded England at the head of an army supplied by james

Question 17

How did Henry deal with the threat of Scotland?

Answer 17

Henry tried to negotiate a marriage alliance between James IV and his eldest daughter Maragaret

James and Henry agreed to Truce of Ayton so James stopped supproted Warbeck

Question 18

Auid Alliance as a threat

Answer 18

Long-standing alliance between France and Scotland = the ‘Auid Alliance’ (agreement that if Scotland was attacked by England, then France would come to Scotland’s aid and vice versa) so Henry had to consider his response to a dual threat

Question 19

Why was France as a location a threat

Answer 19

The proximity of France to England meant that it was relatively easy for the French to mount an invasion

Question 20

Why Scotland stopped being a threat

Answer 20

Scottish support did not continue after 1497 - perhaps because James finally grown tired of supporting Warbeck, realised Henry was too secure on the throne