Pilgrimage of Grace

Question 1

What first sparked the Lincolnshire rebellion?

Answer 1

The presence of government commissioners in the region who were overseeing the dissolution of the smaller monasteries and visitations of the clergy

Question 2

Why did the rebels blame ‘evil counsellors’ in the Lincolnshire rebellion?

Answer 2

rebelling against the king would be treason

rebels used language to make it clear not rebelling against him but his ‘evil counsellors’ that misled him

Question 3

Why did the rebels want to make it clear they weren’t rebelling against Henry himself?

Answer 3

Presenting themselves as loyal subkect concerned about the mismanagement of the realm would mean the king would listen to their grievances

Question 4

How did the rebels show they were not acting in self-interest?

Answer 4

used the word ‘commonwealth’ (term used to describe what was good for the realm) to claim they were acting for the common good, not out of self-interest

Question 5

Other concerns of the Lincolnshire rising

Answer 5

1534 subsidy and the inability of the Lincolnshire men to pay were included

Question 6

Key events of Lincolnshire - 1) arrival of government commissioners

Answer 6

Bishop of Lincoln’s officer at Louth to carry out a visitation of the clergy

3000 people met together at Louth and government commissioners were forced to flee

Question 7

Key events of Lincolnshire - 2) rebellion made serious

Answer 7

10,000 men joined the rebellion and local members of the nobility Lord Hussey and Lord Clinton (who should have stopped the rebels) fled

Question 8

Key events of Lincolnshire - 3) drawing up the articles

Answer 8

Different rebel groups march to and reach Lincoln to draw up the Lincoln Articles 1536 which was sent to London

Question 9

Key events of Lincolnshire - 4) effective king’s response

Answer 9

reply from the king to their petition which threatened the rebels with severe punishment unless they disbanded

disbanded because if the rebels were to fight the king’s army, it would be open treason and no chance of negotiation

Question 10

Key events of Lincolnshire - 5) rebels disbanded

Answer 10

the king’s army led by the Duke of Suffolk was only 40 miles away

Rather than fight, the gentry decided to ask Suffolk for a pardon which caused anger among the commons but they were persuaded to go home

Question 11

Key events of Lincolnshire order

Answer 11

1) arrival of government commissioners
2) rebellion made serious
3) drawing up the articles
4) effective king’s response
5) rebels disbanded

Question 12

Who supported the Lincolnshire rebellion?

Answer 12

Monks from Lincolnshire Abbeys, ordinary men and women from Louth, gentry

Question 13

Possible explanation for the gentry joining the LR

Answer 13

claimed they joined to control the rebellion and to prevent it becoming violent/dangerous

Question 14

Threat of the LR to Henry’s government - support

Answer 14

rebellion gained momentum - numbers swelled up to 10,000, the rebels were able to march up to Lincoln and the nobility fled

nvolvement of monks and clergy added to potential seriousness - church usually helped the tudors keep control as it reinforced ideas of odediance and social hierachy

Question 15

Threat of the LR to Henry’s government - organisation

Answer 15

Potentially serious because some local gentry became involved - Rebellion gained leadership and organisation

Question 16

Threat of the LR to Henry’s government - Henry’s response

Answer 16

Lincolnshire revolt out down almost swiftly as it emerged - A royal army quickly marched to Lincolnshire led by the Duke of Suffolk

government was able to deal with the Lincolshire rising without risking a battle

Question 17

Threat of the LR to Henry’s government - half-hearted support of the gentry

Answer 17

The gentry were unwilling to risk their lives and property by risking treason

When threatened by punishment, they quickly backed down and this also meant that Duke of Suffolk was able to persuade the rebels to go home

Question 18

Threat of the LR to Henry’s government - lack of a threat

Answer 18

rebels were loyal to Henry - they did not seek to challenge his right to rule

the local nobility did not join the rising

Question 19

Henry’s mistake after LR

Answer 19

government was able to deal with it quickly - lulled Henry to a false sense of security as he disbanded a second army he had sent North leaving only the Duke of Suffolk to finish suppressing trouble

Question 20

Aims and motives of POG

Answer 20

anger over the dissolution and their fear of the economic and social consequences - alms to poor

Pontefract articles complained about enclosure and unfair rises in rent imposed by landlords and remission from the 1534 subsidy

Question 21

POG: Events in East Riding - Yorkshire

Answer 21

pilgrimage rose up with support of the nobility attracting 10,000 followers taking over the city of York

At York, Aske issues a proclamation

Rebels captured the port of Hill and Pontefract Castle - Lord Darcy (trying to defend castle) eventually joined

Question 22

POG: Events in North Riding - Yorkshire

Answer 22

Rebels rose with support of local nobility/gentry - Lord Latimer and Sir Christopher Derby + Robert Bowes

Rebels captured Barnard Castle before meeting up with Aske’s rebels

Question 23

What did Aske’s proclamation state?

Answer 23

The rebels peaceful intentions and their determination to protect the church

Question 24

Which leading members of the nobility and gentry supported the POG

Answer 24

Lord Latimer, Robert Bowes and Sir Christopher Derby

Question 25

By late October where had the rebels reached?

Answer 25

Most of the North and North East of England, they failed in Lancashire because the Earl of Derby remained loyal to Henry and put down rebels

Question 26

What did Lord Darcy do when they captured Pontefract?

Answer 26

He wrote letters to the king asking for help, did little to actually stop the rebels and then eventually got persuaded to join in

Question 27

How many armies were there and how many rebels in total in POG?

Answer 27

9 armies with 30,000 rebels

Question 28

Threat of the POG to Henry’s government - support

Answer 28

9 armies with 30,000 rebels

had in its ranks well-trained fighters who had recent military experience in the wars against Scotland

Situation made worse with the northern genry joining the rebellion

Members of the nobility, gentry, clergymen and monks as well as commons supported

Question 29

Threat of the POG to Henry’s government - organisation

Answer 29

nine rebel houses formed across the North and all looked to Aske as their overall capitain

Aske was an educated lawyer who was able to articulate the rebles fears, he also came up with the name

Question 30

Threat of the POG to Henry’s government - Henry’s response

Answer 30

militaty resources were over stretched as the Duke of Suffolk was still restoring order in Lincolshire and Henry’s overconfidence led him to send home a second army

Duke of Norfolk and Earl of Shrewsbury marched North with an army of about 8000 men - outnumbered with little choice but to negotiate

Question 31

How Norfolk dealt with the rebels at POG

Answer 31

Meet rebels at Pontefract in October 1936 - agreed demands would be taken to the king

Meet rebels at Doncaster in December 1936 where Norfolk granted pardon rebels asked and a promise of a parliament to be held in the North of England

News of the king’s pardon reached the rebel camp and many started to go home as Norfolk hoped

Question 32

Henry’s actions in the POG

Answer 32

Aske travelled to London (treated courteously) and returned to North convinced of Henry’s good intentions and that the rebels had won - Henry was simply biding his time until he could take revenge

Question 33

What did Norfolk promise the rebels and what outcome did it have?

Answer 33

A parliament in the North and a pardon from Henry which led the rebels to go home

Question 34

What had rebels realised in 1537?

Answer 34

That Henry had tricked them and the Duke of Norfolk had returned to London for much longer than expected

Question 35

Events of Bigod’s rising

Answer 35

Unsuccessful rising, planned to capture Scarborough and Hull - only a few hundred rebels joined

In the North commons attacked Carlisle fearing gentry (previously led them) had betrayed them but were put down

Question 36

What did Bigod’s rising give Henry the excuse to do?

Answer 36

Punish the rebels: trials and 144 executions, Aske, Hussey, Percy, Bigod and Darcy were executed

Question 37

Bigod’s rising - Henry’s response

Answer 37

Put down by brutal force by Henry who was determined to take his revenge

Duke of Norfolk was sent North and carried out a brutal suppression of the Carlisle rebels - hanged

Question 38

Bigod’s rising - role of the gentry

Answer 38

Leaders of the Pilgrimage were being recruited by the government to put down the risings - by siding with government, they were able to avoid punishment themselves

Question 39

Punishing the rebels

Answer 39

gentry and nobility who had taken the greatest role in leading the Pilgrimage e.g. Aske and Darcy were arrested and taken to London - charged with new crimes as previously pardoned

At least 144 people were executed including Aske, Sir Thomas Percy, Bigod and Hussey