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Anatomy 1. Canine Forelimb. > The Shoulder Joint and the Elbow Joint. > Flashcards

The Shoulder Joint and the Elbow Joint. Flashcards

1
Q

What is the dorsal joint of the forelimb?

A

The shoulder joint.

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2
Q

What is the proximal joint of the forelimb?

A

The shoulder joint.

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3
Q

How is the shoulder joint formed?

A

By head of the humerus fitting into the glenoid cavity of the scapula.

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4
Q

What class of joint is the shoulder joint?

A

A simple synovial ball and socket joint.

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5
Q

What is the glenoid lip or labrum that is associated with the shoulder joint?

A

A layer of fibrocartilage that lies around the rim of the glenoid cavity.

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6
Q

What is the function of the glenoid lip?

A

It allows the glenoid cavity to better accommodate the head of the humerus as it widens and deepens the cavity.

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7
Q

The joint capsule of the shoulder joint is attached to what 2 components of the joint?

A

The glenoid lip.

The head of the humerus.

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8
Q

What parts of the shoulder joint are enclosed by the joint capsule?

A

The articular surfaces of the joint.

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9
Q

The synovial fluid is produced at what part of the shoulder joint?

A

At the bicipital bursa.

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10
Q

What is the major role of the joint cavity in the shoulder joint?

A

Holding the joint together.

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11
Q

Why do joint capsules need to be larger than the joint the surround?

A

As they are non elastic.

This means that there is enough material to support a good range of movement.

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12
Q

What is the name of the bursa that is found in the shoulder joint?

A

The bicipital bursa.

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13
Q

What is the function of the ligaments in the shoulder?

A

They help to stabilise the joint.

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14
Q

What class of joint is the shoulder joint?

A

A ball and socket joint.

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15
Q

What are the 3 ligaments found in the shoulder joint?

A

The lateral glenohumeral ligament.

The medial glenohumeral ligament.

The transverse humeral ligament.

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16
Q

Is the lateral glenohumeral ligament a particularly strong ligament?

A

No.

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17
Q

Where is the lateral glenohumeral ligament found within the shoulder joint?

A

On the lateral side of the joint cavity, just below the spine of the scapula.

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18
Q

The medial and lateral glenohumeral ligaments run between what 2 features of the shoulder joint?

A

From the glenoid cavity of the scapula to the proximal surface of the humerus.

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19
Q

The medial glenohumeral ligament is found on what side of the joint cavity?

A

On the medial side of the joint cavity.

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20
Q

Is the medial or lateral glenohumeral ligament larger?

A

The medial glenohumeral ligament is slightly larger.

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21
Q

What is the function of the transverse humeral retinaculum?

A

It holds the tendon of the biceps brachii as it passes over the inter tubercular groove of the humerus.

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22
Q

How does the the transverse humeral retinaculum interact with the tendon of the biceps brachii?

A

It passes over the tendon as it crosses the inter tubercular groove.

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23
Q

What part of the shoulder joint acts as the active ligaments that support the joint and restrict certain movements?

A

The muscles that surround the joint.

24
Q

The shoulder joints in quadrupeds are limited to performing what movements?

A

Flexion and extension.

25
Q

What 3 muscles help to limit the movement of the shoulder joint?

A

Infraspinatus muscle.

Supraspinatus muscle.

Subscapularis muscle.

The teres minor.

The teres major.

26
Q

Are dislocations of the shoulder very common in quadrupeds?

A

No, as the muscles act as active ligaments which support the joint.

27
Q

When can the shoulder joint of a quadruped perform a full range of movements?

A

When the animal is sedated.

28
Q

What is the only joint in the forelimb which does not have collateral ligaments?

A

The shoulder joint.

29
Q

The joints of the forelimbs of quadrupeds can only perform what movements?

A

Flexion and extension.

30
Q

How could any joint within the forelimb of a quadruped perform abduction or adduction?

A

Via a deformity or a malfunction.

31
Q

What bones are involved in the elbow joint?

A

The humerus.

The radius.

The ulna.

32
Q

Is the elbow joint a compound synovial joint?

A

Yes.

There are more than 2 bones involved.

33
Q

What kind of joint is the elbow joint?

A

A hinge joint.

34
Q

What are component articulations within a joint?

A

The individual joints within a compound synovial joint.

E.g. The ulna and humerus and the radius and humerus are component articulations within the elbow.

35
Q

What are the 3 component articulations within the elbow joint?

A

The humero-radial joint.

The humero-ulnar joint.

The proximal radial-ulnar joint.

36
Q

Does each component articulation within the elbow joint have an individual joint capsule?

A

All of the component articulations are enclosed within the same joint capsule.

37
Q

What bones are covered by the joint capsule of the elbow joint?

A

The humerus and the radius and ulna.

38
Q

How many injections are needed to inject all components within the elbow joint?

A

Only 1, as there is only 1 joint capsule.

39
Q

What movements can be carried out by the elbow joint?

A

It is a hinge joint, so it can only carry out flexion and extension.

40
Q

What the the 2 collateral ligaments in the elbow?

A

The lateral and medial collateral ligaments.

41
Q

In dogs and cats, is the lateral or medial collateral ligament slightly weaker?

A

The medial ligament is slightly weaker.

42
Q

Where does the medial collateral ligament run from and too?

A

From the medial epicondyle of the humerus to the radius.

43
Q

What happens to the medial epicondyle as it attaches to the radius?

A

It forms 2 branches known as the caudal and cranial crura.

44
Q

Where does the lateral collateral ligament run from and too?

A

From the lateral epicondyle of the humerus to the ulna and radius.

45
Q

The collateral ligaments of the elbow help to prevent what kind of movements?

A

Valgus and varus movements.

46
Q

What are the 5 ligaments that are associated with the elbow joint?

A

The lateral collateral ligament.

The medial collateral ligament.

The oblique ligament.

The olecranon ligament.

The annular ligament.

47
Q

Where does the oblique ligament of the elbow run from and too?

A

From the radial fossa of the humerus, then runs over the trochlea of the humerus and attaches to the radius.

48
Q

What is the function of the oblique ligament of the elbow?

A

It prevents over extension of the elbow.

49
Q

Is the oblique ligament of the elbow joint found on the flexor or extensor surface of the joint?

A

On the flexor surface.

50
Q

What is the olecrannon fossa of the elbow joint?

A

The point at the end of the humerus where the olecranon of the ulna fits into when the joint extends

51
Q

Where does the olecrannon ligament of the elbow run from and too?

A

It runs from the medial aspect of the olecranon fossa and inserts onto the olecranon.

52
Q

What is the function of the olecrannon ligament of the elbow joint?

A

It prevents over flexion of the elbow joint.

53
Q

The olecrannon ligament of the elbow is found on what surface of the joint?

A

On the extensor surface as it helps prevent over flexion.

54
Q

Ligaments on the extensor surface of a joint will prevent what movements?

A

Over flexion.

55
Q

Ligaments on the flexor surface of a joint will prevent what movements?

A

Over extension.

56
Q

Where does the annular ligament of the elbow run from and too?

A

From the lateral coronoid process of the ulna, it then wraps around the radius and binds the the medial coronoid process of the ulna.

57
Q

What is the function of the annular ligament of the elbow?

A

It holds the radius in place and this creates the trochoid joint between the radius and the ulna.

Anatomy 1. Canine Forelimb. (4 decks)

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