The Shoulder Joint and the Elbow Joint. Flashcards
What is the dorsal joint of the forelimb?
The shoulder joint.
What is the proximal joint of the forelimb?
The shoulder joint.
How is the shoulder joint formed?
By head of the humerus fitting into the glenoid cavity of the scapula.
What class of joint is the shoulder joint?
A simple synovial ball and socket joint.
What is the glenoid lip or labrum that is associated with the shoulder joint?
A layer of fibrocartilage that lies around the rim of the glenoid cavity.
What is the function of the glenoid lip?
It allows the glenoid cavity to better accommodate the head of the humerus as it widens and deepens the cavity.
The joint capsule of the shoulder joint is attached to what 2 components of the joint?
The glenoid lip.
The head of the humerus.
What parts of the shoulder joint are enclosed by the joint capsule?
The articular surfaces of the joint.
The synovial fluid is produced at what part of the shoulder joint?
At the bicipital bursa.
What is the major role of the joint cavity in the shoulder joint?
Holding the joint together.
Why do joint capsules need to be larger than the joint the surround?
As they are non elastic.
This means that there is enough material to support a good range of movement.
What is the name of the bursa that is found in the shoulder joint?
The bicipital bursa.
What is the function of the ligaments in the shoulder?
They help to stabilise the joint.
What class of joint is the shoulder joint?
A ball and socket joint.
What are the 3 ligaments found in the shoulder joint?
The lateral glenohumeral ligament.
The medial glenohumeral ligament.
The transverse humeral ligament.
Is the lateral glenohumeral ligament a particularly strong ligament?
No.
Where is the lateral glenohumeral ligament found within the shoulder joint?
On the lateral side of the joint cavity, just below the spine of the scapula.
The medial and lateral glenohumeral ligaments run between what 2 features of the shoulder joint?
From the glenoid cavity of the scapula to the proximal surface of the humerus.
The medial glenohumeral ligament is found on what side of the joint cavity?
On the medial side of the joint cavity.
Is the medial or lateral glenohumeral ligament larger?
The medial glenohumeral ligament is slightly larger.
What is the function of the transverse humeral retinaculum?
It holds the tendon of the biceps brachii as it passes over the inter tubercular groove of the humerus.
How does the the transverse humeral retinaculum interact with the tendon of the biceps brachii?
It passes over the tendon as it crosses the inter tubercular groove.
What part of the shoulder joint acts as the active ligaments that support the joint and restrict certain movements?
The muscles that surround the joint.
The shoulder joints in quadrupeds are limited to performing what movements?
Flexion and extension.
What 3 muscles help to limit the movement of the shoulder joint?
Infraspinatus muscle.
Supraspinatus muscle.
Subscapularis muscle.
The teres minor.
The teres major.
Are dislocations of the shoulder very common in quadrupeds?
No, as the muscles act as active ligaments which support the joint.
When can the shoulder joint of a quadruped perform a full range of movements?
When the animal is sedated.
What is the only joint in the forelimb which does not have collateral ligaments?
The shoulder joint.
The joints of the forelimbs of quadrupeds can only perform what movements?
Flexion and extension.
How could any joint within the forelimb of a quadruped perform abduction or adduction?
Via a deformity or a malfunction.
What bones are involved in the elbow joint?
The humerus.
The radius.
The ulna.
Is the elbow joint a compound synovial joint?
Yes.
There are more than 2 bones involved.
What kind of joint is the elbow joint?
A hinge joint.
What are component articulations within a joint?
The individual joints within a compound synovial joint.
E.g. The ulna and humerus and the radius and humerus are component articulations within the elbow.
What are the 3 component articulations within the elbow joint?
The humero-radial joint.
The humero-ulnar joint.
The proximal radial-ulnar joint.
Does each component articulation within the elbow joint have an individual joint capsule?
All of the component articulations are enclosed within the same joint capsule.
What bones are covered by the joint capsule of the elbow joint?
The humerus and the radius and ulna.
How many injections are needed to inject all components within the elbow joint?
Only 1, as there is only 1 joint capsule.
What movements can be carried out by the elbow joint?
It is a hinge joint, so it can only carry out flexion and extension.
What the the 2 collateral ligaments in the elbow?
The lateral and medial collateral ligaments.
In dogs and cats, is the lateral or medial collateral ligament slightly weaker?
The medial ligament is slightly weaker.
Where does the medial collateral ligament run from and too?
From the medial epicondyle of the humerus to the radius.
What happens to the medial epicondyle as it attaches to the radius?
It forms 2 branches known as the caudal and cranial crura.
Where does the lateral collateral ligament run from and too?
From the lateral epicondyle of the humerus to the ulna and radius.
The collateral ligaments of the elbow help to prevent what kind of movements?
Valgus and varus movements.
What are the 5 ligaments that are associated with the elbow joint?
The lateral collateral ligament.
The medial collateral ligament.
The oblique ligament.
The olecranon ligament.
The annular ligament.
Where does the oblique ligament of the elbow run from and too?
From the radial fossa of the humerus, then runs over the trochlea of the humerus and attaches to the radius.
What is the function of the oblique ligament of the elbow?
It prevents over extension of the elbow.
Is the oblique ligament of the elbow joint found on the flexor or extensor surface of the joint?
On the flexor surface.
What is the olecrannon fossa of the elbow joint?
The point at the end of the humerus where the olecranon of the ulna fits into when the joint extends
Where does the olecrannon ligament of the elbow run from and too?
It runs from the medial aspect of the olecranon fossa and inserts onto the olecranon.
What is the function of the olecrannon ligament of the elbow joint?
It prevents over flexion of the elbow joint.
The olecrannon ligament of the elbow is found on what surface of the joint?
On the extensor surface as it helps prevent over flexion.
Ligaments on the extensor surface of a joint will prevent what movements?
Over flexion.
Ligaments on the flexor surface of a joint will prevent what movements?
Over extension.
Where does the annular ligament of the elbow run from and too?
From the lateral coronoid process of the ulna, it then wraps around the radius and binds the the medial coronoid process of the ulna.
What is the function of the annular ligament of the elbow?
It holds the radius in place and this creates the trochoid joint between the radius and the ulna.
