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Anatomy 1. Canine Forelimb. > The Distal Phalanx. > Flashcards

The Distal Phalanx. Flashcards

1
Q

What are the muscles of the distal phalanx responsible for?

A

For extending the toe nails.

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2
Q

The muscles of the distal phalanx are very important in what animal?

A

In the cat as they need to extend their toenails.

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3
Q

Toenails grow out of what area of the body?

A

Out of a process called the ungual crest.

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4
Q

What is the small section of bone that is found in the toenail?

A

The ungual process.

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5
Q

What makes up up the sensitive area of the toenail?

A

The ungual process and its components.

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6
Q

What is the ungual crest of the toenail attached to?

A

To the common and lateral digital extensor tendons.

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7
Q

What is the flexor tubercle of the distal phalanx?

A

A structure that attaches to the deep digital flexor tendon.

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8
Q

What are the proximal sesamoid bones in the distal phalanx?

A

Bones within the digits that join the head of the metacarpal bone to the proximal phalanx of the digit.

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9
Q

How many sesamoid bones are found per functional digit?

A

Usually 2.

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10
Q

The sesamoid bones of the distal phalanx are located on what aspect of the forelimb?

A

On the palmar aspect of the metacarpal-phalangeal joint.

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11
Q

What is the function of the sesamoid bones in the distal phalanx?

A

They provide stability and strength to the metacarpal-phalangeal joint.

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12
Q

What muscles are the proximal sesamoid bones of the distal phalanx associated with?

A

With interosseous muscles.

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13
Q

What sesamoid bones of the distal phalanx are associated with the common digital extensor tendon?

A

The dorsal sesamoid bones.

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14
Q

What bones make up each individual digit in the distal phalanx?

A

3 bones called phalanges.

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15
Q

What is the name of the 3 phalanges that are found in each individual digit?

A

The proximal phalanx.

The middle phalanx.

The distal phalanx.

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16
Q

In the digit, what bones does the proximal phalanx articulate with?

A

With the metacarpal bone via the metacarpal-phalangeal joint.

17
Q

What kind of joints are found in the digits?

A

Hinge joints which are only capable of extension and flexion.

18
Q

Where are the collateral ligaments found in the joints within the digits?

A

On the abaxial and axial sides of the joint.

19
Q

What are the sesamoidean ligaments within the carpus?

A

Ligaments that associate with the sesamoid bones.

20
Q

What position is the metacarpal phalangeal joint in when the animal is standing?

A

It is always over extended.

21
Q

What is the function of the inter-phalangeal joints?

A

They help to join the 3 phalanx bones together.

22
Q

How many inter-phalangeal joints are there in each digit?

A

2.

23
Q

What are the names of the 2 inter-phalangeal joints within the digits?

A

The proximal inter-phalangeal joint (PIPJ).

The distal inter-phalangeal joint (DIPJ).

24
Q

What kind of joint is the proximal inter-phalangeal joint?

A

A compound synovial saddle joint.

25
Q

What kind of joint is the distal inter-phalangeal joint?

A

A simple saddle joint.

26
Q

What specialised ligaments are associated with the distal inter-phalangeal joint?

A

Dorsal elastic ligaments.

27
Q

Where do the dorsal elastic ligaments of the distal inter-phalangeal joint rub between?

A

Between the distal phalanx and the middle phalanx.

28
Q

What is the function of the dorsal elastic ligaments of the distal inter-phalangeal joint?

A

For the retraction protraction of the toenails in cats.

29
Q

How is the distal inter-phalangeal joint positioned if a cats toenails are retracted?

A

It will be completely extended.

30
Q

How is the distal inter-phalangeal joint positioned if a cats toenails are protracted?

A

It will be flexed.

31
Q

What is the name of the metacarpal-phalangeal joint in the hind limb?

A

The metatarsal-phalangeal joint

Anatomy 1. Canine Forelimb. (4 decks)

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