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Anatomy 1. Canine Forelimb. > The Carpus. > Flashcards

The Carpus. Flashcards

1
Q

What is the carpus also known as?

A

As the carpal joint.

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2
Q

Where in the body is the carpal joint found?

A

Between the distal ends of the radius and ulna and 2 rows of bones.

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3
Q

What are the names of the 2 rows of bones that are found in the carpal joint?

A

The first row is the carpal bones.

The second row is the metacarpal bones.

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4
Q

How many bones are found in the carpal bones (1st row) of the carpus?

A

7.

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5
Q

How many bones are found in the metacarpal bones (2nd row) of the carpus?

A

5.

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6
Q

The carpal bones are connected to what bones?

A

To the radius and ulna at their proximal end and to the metacarpal bones at the their distal end.

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7
Q

The metacarpal bones are connected to what bones?

A

To the carpal bones at their proximal end and to the digits at their distal end.

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8
Q

How are the 7 bones that make up the carpal bones arranged?

A

Into 2 rows where the proximal row contains 3 bones and the distal row contains 4 bones.

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9
Q

What are the names of the 3 carpal bones that are found in the 1st row?

A

The radial carpal.

The ulnar carpal.

The accessory carpal.

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10
Q

What are the names of the 4 carpal bones that are found in the 1st row?

A

First carpal bone (1).

Second carpal bone (2).

Third carpal bone (3).

Fourth carpal bone (4).

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11
Q

What kind of joint is the carpal joint?

A

A compound synovial hinge joint.

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12
Q

What are the 4 component articulations within the carpal joint?

A

The antibrachiocarpal joint.

The middle carpal joint.

The caropmetacarpal joint.

The inter-carpal joints.

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13
Q

The antibrachiocarpal joint within the carpus is formed by what bones?

A

By the articulation between the radius, ulna and proximal row of the carpal bones.

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14
Q

The middle carpal joint within the carpus is formed by what bones?

A

By the proximal and distal rows of the carpal bones.

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15
Q

The carpometacarpal joint within the carpus is formed by what bones?

A

By the distal row of carpal bones and the metacarpal bones.

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16
Q

What are the intercarpal joints within the carpus?

A

Minor component articulations and they are formed from joints between the carpal bones.

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17
Q

How many joint capsules cover the carpus?

A

A single joint capsule covers the carpus but, there are multiple joint cavities within the capsule.

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18
Q

How does the presence of multiple cavities within the joint cavity of the carpus affect the make up of the joint capsule?

A

The synovial layer has a different arrangement to the fibrous layer.

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19
Q

What part of the joint capsule is responsible for forming the 3 cavities within the capsule?

A

The synovial layer.

20
Q

What are the 3 cavities within the joint capsule of the carpus known as?

A

The antibrachialcarpo joint cavity.

The middle carpal joint cavity.

The carpometacarpal cavity.

21
Q

Can any of the 3 cavities within the joint capsule of the carpus communicate with each other?

A

The middle carpal cavity and the carpometacarpal cavity can communicate with each other.

22
Q

Which cavity within the joint capsule of the carpus is isolated?

A

The antiobrachiocarapal cavity.

23
Q

How do the middle carpal cavity and the carpometacarpal cavity of the carpus communicate with each other?

A

Through a gap between carpal bones 3 and 4.

24
Q

Is the same synovial fluid present in middle carpal cavity and the carpometacarpal cavity of the carpus?

A

Yes.

25
Q

How many injections must we give if we are to medicate the carpal joint?

A

2 injections, one into the antbrachiocarpal joint cavity and another into the middle joint cavity.

26
Q

Where does the maximum amount of movement occur in the carpal joint?

A

In the antbrachiocarpal joint.

27
Q

Where does the minimum amount of movement occur in the carpal joint?

A

The carpometacarpal joint.

This means we cannot inject into the carpometacarpal joint.

28
Q

What movements can be performed by the carpal joint?

A

Because it is a hinge joint it means that the joint can only perform flexion and extension.

29
Q

Are there any collateral ligaments associated with the carpus?

A

Yes.

30
Q

What is the name of the 2 collateral ligaments within the carpus?

A

The medial collateral ligament.

The lateral collateral ligament.

31
Q

What bone is the medial collateral ligament of the carpus associated with?

A

The radius.

32
Q

What is the medial collateral ligament of the carpus also known as?

A

As the short radial ligament.

33
Q

What bone is the lateral collateral ligament of the carpus associated with?

A

The ulna.

34
Q

What is the lateral collateral ligament of the carpus also known as?

A

As the short ulnar ligament.

35
Q

Where do the collateral ligaments of the carpus run from and to?

A

From the distal end of the radius or ulna to the proximal row of the carpal bones.

36
Q

What are the inter-carpal ligaments that are associated with the carpus?

A

Ligaments that run between the carpal bones.

37
Q

What are the accessorio-metacarpal ligaments of the carpus?

A

2 ligaments that run between the accessory carpal bone and metacarpal bones 4 and 5.

38
Q

What is the function of the accessorio-metacarpal ligaments of the carpus?

A

They help to stabilise the accessory carpal bone when the joint is being flexed.

39
Q

What is the palmar carpal fibrocartilage or palmar carpal ligament that is associated with the carpus?

A

A modification of the joint capsule which reduces friction from the flexor tendons as they pass over the its surface.

40
Q

What holds the tendons in place as they pass over the palmar carpal fibrocartilage?

A

Flexor retinaculum.

41
Q

What is the carpal canal of the carpus?

A

A small opening allowing for blood vessels and nerves to pass to the digits.

42
Q

What covers the flexor tendons of the carpal joint?

A

A tendon sheaf.

43
Q

What is the function of a tendon sheath?

A

It protects tendons from rubbing against a surface.

44
Q

Where are the metacarpal/intermetacarpal joints found in the carpus?

A

Between the metacarpal bones.

45
Q

What holds together the metacarpal bones of the carpus?

A

Fibrous connective tissue.

46
Q

How can the metacarpal joints of the carpus be injected

A

By injecting the carpo-metacarpal joint.

Anatomy 1. Canine Forelimb. (4 decks)

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