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MSK Anatomy > The Shoulder (Gleno-Humeral) Joint, Rotator Cuff and Shoulder Musculature > Flashcards

The Shoulder (Gleno-Humeral) Joint, Rotator Cuff and Shoulder Musculature Flashcards

1
Q

The 2 main bursae in the shoulder are the?

A
  • subacromial (subdeltoid) bursa
  • subscapular bursa
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2
Q

which bursa communicates with the gleno-humeral (shoulder) joint cavity?

A

subscapular bursa

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3
Q

what is the role of the subacromial bursa

A

serves as a gliding mechanism between the rotator cuff and coracoacromial arch

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4
Q

what common sporting injury damages the subacromial bursa?

A

rotator cuff injury

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4
Q

which muscle is highlighted?

A

subscapularis

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5
Q

what is the proximal and distal attachment of the subscapularis muscle?

A
  • proximal = medial 2/3 of costal aspect of scapula
  • distal = greater tuberosity of humerus
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6
Q

what movement at the shoulder joint does the subscapularis permit?

A

medial rotation

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7
Q

what is the highlighted muscle?

A

supraspinatus

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8
Q

what are the proximal and distal attachments of the supraspinatus?

A
  • proximal = medial 2/3 of costal aspect of scapula
  • distal = greater tuberosity of humerus
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9
Q

what movement at the shoulder joint does the supraspinatus permit?

A

abduction

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10
Q

what is the highlighted muscle?

A

infraspinatus

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11
Q

what are the superior and inferior attachments of the infraspinatus?

A
  • proximal = medial 2/3 of costal aspect of scapula
  • distal = greater tuberosity of humerus
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12
Q

what movement at the shoulder does the infraspinatus permit?

A

lateral rotation

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13
Q

what is the highlighted muscle?

A

teres minor

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14
Q

what are the proximal and distal attachments of teres minor?

A
  • proximal = upper 2/3 of lateral aspect of scapula
  • distal = lesser tuberosity of humerus
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15
Q

what movement at the shoulder joint does teres minor permit?

A

lateral rotation

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16
Q

Although the rotator cuff muscles have a role in movement at the glenohumeral joint, what is their primary function?

A

Stabilization of glenohumeral joint by compressing the humeral head against the glenoid, keeping the head of the humerus from sliding out of its socket

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17
Q

what is the proximal and distal attachment of the deltoid muscle?

A

It arises from the lateral spine of the scapula, passing across the acromion to the lateral third of the clavicle. Its distal attachment is to the deltoid tuberosity of the humerus

18
Q

the anterior fibres of the deltoid allow for which movement at the shoulder joint?

A

Anterior fibres of deltoid – flexion and medial rotation at the shoulder joint

19
Q

the middle fibres of the deltoid allow for which movement at the shoulder joint?

A

Middle fibres abduct the arm at the shoulder joint *major abductor of the arm

20
Q

the posterior fibres of the deltoid muscle allow for which movement at the shoulder joint?

A

Posterior fibres – extension and lateral rotation at the shoulder joint

21
Q

what is the nerve supply to the deltoid?

A

axillary nerve

22
Q

in what common injury is the axillary nerve often trapped and therefore damaged?

A

Anterior shoulder dislocation

23
Q

As the axillary nerve is a mixed nerve, where would you test for loss of sensation to determine is a nerve injury had occurred?

A

Shoulder area, weakness in deltoid and teres minor muscles, or pain in deltoid and anterior shoulder

24
Q

what is the origin and insertion of the pectoralis major muscle?

A
  • extensive origin from the medial third of the clavicle, sternum and costal cartilage of the first 6 ribs and rectus sheath!
  • The distal attachment of this muscle is to the anterior lip of the bicipital groove of the humerus
25
Q

what is the action of the pectoralis major muscle at the shoulder joint?

A

Its action on the shoulder joint is to adduct the shoulder and internally/medially rotate the humerus at the glenohumeral joint.

26
Q

why is the pectoralis minor muscle anatomically important?

A

Pectoralis minor lies deep to the pectoralis major muscle and is important anatomically as it splits the axillary artery into 3 parts.

27
Q

what is the action of the pectoralis minor muscle?

A

Along with the serratus anterior it serves to stabilise the scapula during limb movements by keeping it pulled against the thoracic cage.

28
Q

what is the origin and insertion of the serratus anterior?

A

The Serratus Anterior arises as interdigitations from the ribs and inserts into the scapula.

29
Q

what is the action of the serratus anterior muscle?

A

It has an important role in protraction of the scapula.

30
Q

Mrs Smith is 64 years old and had a left mastectomy with axillary lymph node clearance for breast cancer.
Oddly she’s recently found that she can feel her scapula protruding outwards from her back when she’s been showering, and she is struggling to lift items on her left side.

Why has this occurred, which nerve has been damaged in the procedure?

A

Winged scapula is a complication that may occur due to damage of thoracic nerve during axillary lymphadenectomy.

31
Q
A
  1. trapezius
  2. lattisimus dorsi
  3. teres major
  4. deltoid
32
Q

what is the action of the superior fibres of the trapezius?

A

Superior fibres of trapezius elevate the scapula

33
Q

what is the action of the middle fibres of the trapezius?

A

Middle fibres of trapezius retract the scapula (move it back on the thorax)

34
Q

what is the action of the inferior fibres of the trapezius?

A

depression of the scapula

35
Q

which nerve innervates the trapezius?

A

CN XII accessory nerve

36
Q

which foramen of the skull does the accessory nerve pass through?

A

jugular foramen

37
Q

which shoulder joint muscles allow for flexion of the shoulder in the sagittal plane?

A
  1. Pectoralis major
  2. Anterior deltoid
  3. Biceps brachii & Coracobrachialis
38
Q

which shoulder joint muscles allow for extension of the shoulder in the sagittal plane?

A
  1. Posterior deltoid
  2. Latissimus dorsi
39
Q

which shoulder joint muscles allow for adduction of the shoulder joint?

A
  1. Pectoralis major
  2. Latissimus dorsi
  3. Teres major
40
Q

which shoulder joint muscles allow for abduction of the shoulder?

degree margins

A

0 to 90 degrees
1. Supraspinatus (0-15)

  1. Middle deltoid (15-90)

90 to 180 degrees
1. Trapezius

  1. Serratus anterior
41
Q

which shoulder joint muscles allow for medial or internal rotation?

A
  1. Subscapularis
  2. Anterior deltoid
  3. Pectoralis major
  4. Teres major
42
Q

which intrinsic shoulder joint muscles allow for lateral or external rotation of the shoulder?

A
  1. Infraspinatus
  2. Teres minor
  3. Posterior deltoid

MSK Anatomy (35 decks)

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