The Hip Joint and Anterior Thigh

Question 1

what type of joint is the hip joint?

Answer 1

a ball and socket synovial joint

Question 2

why is the hip joint more stable than the shoulder joint?

Answer 2

strong ligaments and hip joint capsule

Question 3

what is the acetabular labrum? What is its function?

Answer 3

A horeshoe shaped fibrocartilaginous ring around the acetabulum which increases its depth. The increase in depth provdes a larger articular surface, furter improving joint stability.

Question 4

Label the 3 main ligaments of the hip joint

Answer 4

1. iliofemoral ligament
2. pubofemoral ligament
3. ischiofemoral ligament

Question 5

what does the iliofemoral ligament prevent?

Answer 5

hyperextension of the hip joint

Question 6

what does the pubofemoral ligament prevent?

Answer 6

hyperabduction of the hip joint

Question 7

identify the muscles labelled 1-3

Answer 7

1. iliacus
2. psoas major
3. pectineus

Question 8

what is the origin and attachment of the pectineus muscle?

Answer 8

origin- pubis bone
attachment - femur

Question 9

what movement at the hip joint do these muscles permit?

Answer 9

flexion

Question 10

The extensors of the hip are arranged into 3 functional groups:

Answer 10

1. gluteus maximus main extensor
2. hamstrings (comprised of 3 muscles)
3. posterior part of adductor magnus

Question 11

the adductor compartment of the thigh is mostly supplied by which nerve?

Answer 11

obturator nerve (aside from the posterior part of adductor magnus), a nerve from the lumbar plexus, which exits the pelvis via the obturator canal

Question 12

what are the names of the labelled adductor muscles 1-3?

Answer 12

1. adductor brevis
2. adductor longus
3. adductor magnus

Question 13

label the deep gluteal muscles

maximus has been removed

Answer 13

1. gluteus medius
2. gluteus minimus
3. piriformis

Question 14

the adductor compartment of the thigh is supplied by branches of which plexus?

Answer 14

lumbar plexus

Question 15

muscles involved in external rotation cross the hip joint at which side?

Answer 15

posterior side

Question 16

Answer 16

Question 17

muscles involved in internal rotation cross the hip joint on which side?

Answer 17

anterior side

Question 18

which muscles are the medial rotators of the hip joint?

Answer 18

1. gluteus medius (anterior fibres)
2. gluteus minimus
3. tensor fascia lata

Question 19

how many heads does the quadriceps femoris muscle have?

Answer 19

4, duh!

Question 20

what does the the iliopsoas insert onto?

Answer 20

lesser trochanter of the femur

Question 21

what are the 4 heads of the quadriceps called?

Answer 21

1. rectus femoris
2. vastus lateralis
3. vastus intermedius
4. vastus medialis

Question 22

which nerve innervates the quadriceps femoris muscles?

Answer 22

femoral nerve

Question 23

what is the action of rectus femoris on the hip joint?

Answer 23

flexes the thigh at the hip joint and extends at the knee joint

Question 24

to which part of the tibia does the patellar ligament attach?

Answer 24

tibial tuberosity

Question 25

what is the longest muscle of the body?

Answer 25

sartorius muscle

Question 26

which muscle is the most superficial in the anterior compartment of the thigh?

Answer 26

sartorius

Question 27

what is the origin and insertion of the sartorius muscle?

Answer 27

originates from the anterior superior iliac spine, and attaches to the superior, medial surface of the tibia.

Question 28

which muscles attach onto the pes anserinus (goose’s foot) on the medial aspect of the tibia?

Answer 28

• sartorius
• gracialis
• semitendinosus

Question 29

what are the three actions of sartorius on the hip joint? and knee joint?

Answer 29

1. flexion of the hip joint
2. abduction of the hip joint
3. laterally rotates the thigh at the hip joint

also flexes the lig at knee joint

Question 30

how do muscles in the medial compartment of the thigh act on the hip joint?

Answer 30

adduction

Question 31

which nerve innervates the medial thigh muscles?

Answer 31

obturator nerve (L2-S4)

Question 32

through which bony foramen does the nerve that innervates the medial thigh muscles enter the thigh?

Answer 32

obturator foramen

Question 33

Answer 33

1. adductor brevis
2. adductor magnus
3. adductor canal

Question 34

what structures pass through the adductor canal? which fossa do they enter after passing through this canal?

Answer 34

femoral artery, femoral vein, saphenous nerve
- popliteal fossa