The Hip Joint and Anterior Thigh Flashcards
what type of joint is the hip joint?
a ball and socket synovial joint
why is the hip joint more stable than the shoulder joint?
strong ligaments and hip joint capsule
what is the acetabular labrum? What is its function?
A horeshoe shaped fibrocartilaginous ring around the acetabulum which increases its depth. The increase in depth provdes a larger articular surface, furter improving joint stability.
Label the 3 main ligaments of the hip joint
- iliofemoral ligament
- pubofemoral ligament
- ischiofemoral ligament
what does the iliofemoral ligament prevent?
hyperextension of the hip joint
what does the pubofemoral ligament prevent?
hyperabduction of the hip joint
identify the muscles labelled 1-3
- iliacus
- psoas major
- pectineus
what is the origin and attachment of the pectineus muscle?
origin- pubis bone
attachment - femur
what movement at the hip joint do these muscles permit?
flexion
The extensors of the hip are arranged into 3 functional groups:
- gluteus maximus main extensor
- hamstrings (comprised of 3 muscles)
- posterior part of adductor magnus
the adductor compartment of the thigh is mostly supplied by which nerve?
obturator nerve (aside from the posterior part of adductor magnus), a nerve from the lumbar plexus, which exits the pelvis via the obturator canal
what are the names of the labelled adductor muscles 1-3?
- adductor brevis
- adductor longus
- adductor magnus
label the deep gluteal muscles
maximus has been removed
- gluteus medius
- gluteus minimus
- piriformis
the adductor compartment of the thigh is supplied by branches of which plexus?
lumbar plexus
muscles involved in external rotation cross the hip joint at which side?
posterior side
muscles involved in internal rotation cross the hip joint on which side?
anterior side
which muscles are the medial rotators of the hip joint?
- gluteus medius (anterior fibres)
- gluteus minimus
- tensor fascia lata
how many heads does the quadriceps femoris muscle have?
4, duh!
what does the the iliopsoas insert onto?
lesser trochanter of the femur
what are the 4 heads of the quadriceps called?
- rectus femoris
- vastus lateralis
- vastus intermedius
- vastus medialis
which nerve innervates the quadriceps femoris muscles?
femoral nerve
what is the action of rectus femoris on the hip joint?
flexes the thigh at the hip joint and extends at the knee joint
to which part of the tibia does the patellar ligament attach?
tibial tuberosity
what is the longest muscle of the body?
sartorius muscle
which muscle is the most superficial in the anterior compartment of the thigh?
sartorius
what is the origin and insertion of the sartorius muscle?
originates from the anterior superior iliac spine, and attaches to the superior, medial surface of the tibia.
which muscles attach onto the pes anserinus (goose’s foot) on the medial aspect of the tibia?
- sartorius
- gracialis
- semitendinosus
what are the three actions of sartorius on the hip joint? and knee joint?
- flexion of the hip joint
- abduction of the hip joint
- laterally rotates the thigh at the hip joint
also flexes the lig at knee joint
how do muscles in the medial compartment of the thigh act on the hip joint?
adduction
which nerve innervates the medial thigh muscles?
obturator nerve (L2-S4)
through which bony foramen does the nerve that innervates the medial thigh muscles enter the thigh?
obturator foramen
- adductor brevis
- adductor magnus
- adductor canal
what structures pass through the adductor canal? which fossa do they enter after passing through this canal?
femoral artery, femoral vein, saphenous nerve
- popliteal fossa
