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Anatomy Test 3 > The shoulder > Flashcards

The shoulder Flashcards

1
Q

Synarthrosis

A

Joint with no movement

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2
Q

Amphiarthrosis

A

Joint with little movement

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3
Q

Diarthrosis

A

Joint with a lot of movement (i.e., most synovial joints)

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4
Q

Nonaxial

A

No axis of movement (wrist)

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5
Q

Uniaxial

A

Single axis of movement (elbow)

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6
Q

Biaxial

A

2 axes of movement (flexion/extension adduction/abduction)

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7
Q

Multiaxial

A

> 2 axes of movement (shoulder)

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8
Q

Name of the shoulder joint

A

Glenohumeral joint

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9
Q

Characteristics of the Glenohumeral joint

A

Synovial joint
Diarthrotic
Multiaxial
Ball and socket

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10
Q

Bursae in the Shoulder

A

Subacromial bursa
Subdeltoid bursa
Subcoracoid bursa
Subscapular bursa

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11
Q

Subacromial bursa

A

Between acromion and supraspinatus tendon

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12
Q

Subdeltoid bursa

A

Between deltoid m. and joint capsule

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13
Q

Subcoracoid bursa

A

Between subscapularis m. and coracoid process

May be fused with subscapular bursa

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14
Q

Subscapular bursa

A

Between subscapularis m. and joint capsule, communicates with synovial cavity of joint.

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15
Q

Impingement Syndrom

A 
Supraspinatus tendon (tendonitis)
Can involve subacromial (bursitis)
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16
Q

Scapulohumeral musculature attached:

A

the scapula to the humerus

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17
Q

Function of scapulohumeral musculature

A

Move humerus at the shoulder joint and contribute to the stabilization of the joint

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18
Q

Innervation of the Scapulohumeral Musculature

A

All innervated by the brachial plexus

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19
Q

Rotator Cuff Muscles

A

Subscapularis
Supraspinatus
Infraspinatus
Teres minor

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20
Q

Proximal attachment of the Deltoid

A

Lateral 1/3 of clavicle, acromion, and spine of scapula

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21
Q

Distal attachment of the Deltoid

A

Deltoid tuberosity of humerus

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22
Q

Actions of the Deltoid

A

Flexes, medially rotates, abducts, extends, and laterally rotates humerus
Does NOT adduct

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23
Q

Innervation of the Deltoid

A

Axillary Nerve

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24
Q

Proximal attachment of Teres Major

A

Posterior surface of inferior angle of scapula

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25
Q

Distal attachment of Teres Major

A

Medial lip of intertubercular (bicipital) groove of humerus

26
Q

Actions of Teres Major

A

Adducts and medially rotates humerus

Synergist with Latissamis dorsi

27
Q

Innervation of Teres Major

A

Lower subscapular nerve

28
Q

Proximal attachment of Supraspinatus

A

Supraspinous fossa of scapula

29
Q

Distal attachment of Supraspinatus

A

Superior facet of greater tubercle of humerus

30
Q

Actions of Supraspinatus

A

Works with deltoid in abduction of humerus, acts with other rotator cuff muscles in stabilizing shoulder joint

31
Q

Innervation of the Supraspinatus

A

Suprascapular nerve

32
Q

Proximal attachment of the Subscapularis

A

Subscapular fossa (anterior surface of scapula)

33
Q

Distal attachment of the Subscapularis

A

Lesser tubercle of humerus

34
Q

Actions of Subscapularis

A

Medially rotates and adducts humerus; helps hold humeral head in place

35
Q

Innervation of Subscapularis

A

Upper and lower subscapular nerves

36
Q

Largest and strongest of all the rotator cuff muscles

A

Subscapularis

37
Q

True or False

Isolated subscapularis tears are relatively common.

A

False.

They are relatively rare

38
Q

What can subscapularis injuries lead to?

A

Bicipital tendon instability and biceps tendonitis

39
Q

Proximal attachment of Infraspinatus

A

Infraspinous fossa of scapula

40
Q

Distal attachment of Infraspinatus

A

Middle facet of greater tubercle of humerus

41
Q

Actions of the Infraspinatus

A

Laterally rotates humerus, helps hold humeral head in place

42
Q

Innervation of the Infraspinatus

A

Suprascapular nerve

43
Q

Proximal attachment of Teres minor

A

Middle part of lateral border of scapula

44
Q

Distal attachment of Teres minor

A

Inferior facet of greater tubercle of humerus

45
Q

Actions of Teres minor

A

Laterally rotates humerus, helps hold humeral head in place

46
Q

Innervation of Teres minor

A

Axillary nerve

47
Q

Common injury in elderly people

A

Tear in supraspinatus

48
Q

Causes of Rotatory Cuff Injuries

A

Repetitive overhead activites:
Tennis, swimming, pitching, stacking boxes, painting, construction work.
Other causes:
Bone spurs, anatomical variation of the acromion

49
Q

The two large named arteries that have tributaries that provide blood to the pectoral, shoulder, and axillary regions

A

Subclavian artery and axillary artery

50
Q

Origin of the Subclavian artery

A

Right: Brachiocephalic trunk
Left: Aortic arch

51
Q

Where does the subclavian artery arise?

A

Posterior to sternoclavicular joint

52
Q

Where is part 1 of the subclavian artery in relation to the anterior scalene muscle?

A

Medial to the anterior scalene muscle

53
Q

Where is part 2 of the subclavian artery in relation to the anterior scalene muscle?

A

Posterior to the anterior scalene muscle

54
Q

Where is part 3 of the subclavian artery in relation to the anterior scalene muscle?

A

Lateral to the anterior scalene muscle

55
Q

Branches of the Thyrocervical Arterial Trunk

A
  1. Transverse cervical artery - superficial branch and deep branch (dorsal scapular artery) (See slide 45)
  2. Inferior thyroid artery
  3. Ascending cervical artery
  4. Suprascapular artery
56
Q

Where does the subclavian artery become the axillary artery?

A

Lateral border of first rib

57
Q

Branches of the Scapular Anastomoses (Also see slide 48)

A
  1. Suprascapular artery
  2. Dorsal scapular artery
  3. Posterior intercostal arteries
  4. Circumflex scapular artery
  5. Thoracodorsal artery
58
Q

Within the superficial back (posterior axio-appendicular) and scapular regions (scapulohumeral) there are named spaces and triangles that illustrate relationships among muscles, vessels, and nerves.

A
  1. Triangle of Auscultation
  2. Quadrangular Space
  3. Triangular Space
  4. Triangular Interval
59
Q

Quadrangular Space

A

Axillary nerve and posterior circumflex humeral artery

60
Q

Triangular Space

A

Circumflex scapular artery

61
Q

Triangular Interval

A

Deep brachial artery and radial nerve

Anatomy Test 3 (8 decks)

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