The shoulder

Question 1

Synarthrosis

Answer 1

Joint with no movement

Question 2

Amphiarthrosis

Answer 2

Joint with little movement

Question 3

Diarthrosis

Answer 3

Joint with a lot of movement (i.e., most synovial joints)

Question 4

Nonaxial

Answer 4

No axis of movement (wrist)

Question 5

Uniaxial

Answer 5

Single axis of movement (elbow)

Question 6

Biaxial

Answer 6

2 axes of movement (flexion/extension adduction/abduction)

Question 7

Multiaxial

Answer 7

> 2 axes of movement (shoulder)

Question 8

Name of the shoulder joint

Answer 8

Glenohumeral joint

Question 9

Characteristics of the Glenohumeral joint

Answer 9

Synovial joint
Diarthrotic
Multiaxial
Ball and socket

Question 10

Bursae in the Shoulder

Answer 10

Subacromial bursa
Subdeltoid bursa
Subcoracoid bursa
Subscapular bursa

Question 11

Subacromial bursa

Answer 11

Between acromion and supraspinatus tendon

Question 12

Subdeltoid bursa

Answer 12

Between deltoid m. and joint capsule

Question 13

Subcoracoid bursa

Answer 13

Between subscapularis m. and coracoid process

May be fused with subscapular bursa

Question 14

Subscapular bursa

Answer 14

Between subscapularis m. and joint capsule, communicates with synovial cavity of joint.

Question 15

Impingement Syndrom

Answer 15

Supraspinatus tendon (tendonitis)
Can involve subacromial (bursitis)

Question 16

Scapulohumeral musculature attached:

Answer 16

the scapula to the humerus

Question 17

Function of scapulohumeral musculature

Answer 17

Move humerus at the shoulder joint and contribute to the stabilization of the joint

Question 18

Innervation of the Scapulohumeral Musculature

Answer 18

All innervated by the brachial plexus

Question 19

Rotator Cuff Muscles

Answer 19

Subscapularis
Supraspinatus
Infraspinatus
Teres minor

Question 20

Proximal attachment of the Deltoid

Answer 20

Lateral 1/3 of clavicle, acromion, and spine of scapula

Question 21

Distal attachment of the Deltoid

Answer 21

Deltoid tuberosity of humerus

Question 22

Actions of the Deltoid

Answer 22

Flexes, medially rotates, abducts, extends, and laterally rotates humerus
Does NOT adduct

Question 23

Innervation of the Deltoid

Answer 23

Axillary Nerve

Question 24

Proximal attachment of Teres Major

Answer 24

Posterior surface of inferior angle of scapula

Question 25

Distal attachment of Teres Major

Answer 25

Medial lip of intertubercular (bicipital) groove of humerus

Question 26

Actions of Teres Major

Answer 26

Adducts and medially rotates humerus | Synergist with Latissamis dorsi

Question 27

Innervation of Teres Major

Answer 27

Lower subscapular nerve

Question 28

Proximal attachment of Supraspinatus

Answer 28

Supraspinous fossa of scapula

Question 29

Distal attachment of Supraspinatus

Answer 29

Superior facet of greater tubercle of humerus

Question 30

Actions of Supraspinatus

Answer 30

Works with deltoid in abduction of humerus, acts with other rotator cuff muscles in stabilizing shoulder joint

Question 31

Innervation of the Supraspinatus

Answer 31

Suprascapular nerve

Question 32

Proximal attachment of the Subscapularis

Answer 32

Subscapular fossa (anterior surface of scapula)

Question 33

Distal attachment of the Subscapularis

Answer 33

Lesser tubercle of humerus

Question 34

Actions of Subscapularis

Answer 34

Medially rotates and adducts humerus; helps hold humeral head in place

Question 35

Innervation of Subscapularis

Answer 35

Upper and lower subscapular nerves

Question 36

Largest and strongest of all the rotator cuff muscles

Answer 36

Subscapularis

Question 37

True or False | Isolated subscapularis tears are relatively common.

Answer 37

False. | They are relatively rare

Question 38

What can subscapularis injuries lead to?

Answer 38

Bicipital tendon instability and biceps tendonitis

Question 39

Proximal attachment of Infraspinatus

Answer 39

Infraspinous fossa of scapula

Question 40

Distal attachment of Infraspinatus

Answer 40

Middle facet of greater tubercle of humerus

Question 41

Actions of the Infraspinatus

Answer 41

Laterally rotates humerus, helps hold humeral head in place

Question 42

Innervation of the Infraspinatus

Answer 42

Suprascapular nerve

Question 43

Proximal attachment of Teres minor

Answer 43

Middle part of lateral border of scapula

Question 44

Distal attachment of Teres minor

Answer 44

Inferior facet of greater tubercle of humerus

Question 45

Actions of Teres minor

Answer 45

Laterally rotates humerus, helps hold humeral head in place

Question 46

Innervation of Teres minor

Answer 46

Axillary nerve

Question 47

Common injury in elderly people

Answer 47

Tear in supraspinatus

Question 48

Causes of Rotatory Cuff Injuries

Answer 48

Repetitive overhead activites: Tennis, swimming, pitching, stacking boxes, painting, construction work. Other causes: Bone spurs, anatomical variation of the acromion

Question 49

The two large named arteries that have tributaries that provide blood to the pectoral, shoulder, and axillary regions

Answer 49

Subclavian artery and axillary artery

Question 50

Origin of the Subclavian artery

Answer 50

Right: Brachiocephalic trunk Left: Aortic arch

Question 51

Where does the subclavian artery arise?

Answer 51

Posterior to sternoclavicular joint

Question 52

Where is part 1 of the subclavian artery in relation to the anterior scalene muscle?

Answer 52

Medial to the anterior scalene muscle

Question 53

Where is part 2 of the subclavian artery in relation to the anterior scalene muscle?

Answer 53

Posterior to the anterior scalene muscle

Question 54

Where is part 3 of the subclavian artery in relation to the anterior scalene muscle?

Answer 54

Lateral to the anterior scalene muscle

Question 55

Branches of the Thyrocervical Arterial Trunk

Answer 55

1. Transverse cervical artery - superficial branch and deep branch (dorsal scapular artery) (See slide 45) 2. Inferior thyroid artery 3. Ascending cervical artery 4. Suprascapular artery

Question 56

Where does the subclavian artery become the axillary artery?

Answer 56

Lateral border of first rib

Question 57

Branches of the Scapular Anastomoses (Also see slide 48)

Answer 57

1. Suprascapular artery 2. Dorsal scapular artery 3. Posterior intercostal arteries 4. Circumflex scapular artery 5. Thoracodorsal artery

Question 58

Within the superficial back (posterior axio-appendicular) and scapular regions (scapulohumeral) there are named spaces and triangles that illustrate relationships among muscles, vessels, and nerves.

Answer 58

1. Triangle of Auscultation 2. Quadrangular Space 3. Triangular Space 4. Triangular Interval

Question 59

Quadrangular Space

Answer 59

Axillary nerve and posterior circumflex humeral artery

Question 60

Triangular Space

Answer 60

Circumflex scapular artery

Question 61

Triangular Interval

Answer 61

Deep brachial artery and radial nerve