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Anatomy Test 3 > The hand and wrist > Flashcards

The hand and wrist Flashcards

1
Q

Number of carpal (wrist) bones

A

8

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2
Q

Number of metacarpal (hand) bones

A

5

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3
Q

Number of Phalanges

A

14 bones

5 digits

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4
Q

Joints of Wrist and Hand

A 
Carpometacarpal Joints
Metacarpophalangeal Joints
Interphalangeal Joints 
Radiocarpal Joint
Midcarpal Joint
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5
Q

Where does Flexion of the wrist occur?

A

40% at radiocarpal joint

60% at midcarpal joint

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6
Q

Where does Extension of the wrist occur?

A

33% at midcarpal joint

67% at radiocarpal joint

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7
Q

Where does Adduction/Abduction of the wrist occur?

A

Mostly occurs at midcarpal joint

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8
Q

Extensor Expansion

A

Moveable hood over the MP and IP joints of the fingers formed by the extensor tendons

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9
Q

Extensor Hood Mechanism

A

Enables the long extensor tendons to strongly extend the MP joint and allows extension of IP joints when MP joints are flexed by lumbricals, which also attach the the “hood” part of the extensor expansion

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10
Q

Muscle responsible for strong flexion of MP and IP joints (“Power Grip”)

A

Flexor digitorum profundus

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11
Q

Dupuytren’s Contracture

A

Progressive shortening and thickening of the palmar fascia that pulls the 4th and 5th digits into partial flexion.
Tends to be hereditary

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12
Q

Tensosynovitis

A

Infections in the digital synovial sheaths can cause inflammation of the tendon and synovial sheath. For the 5th digit, such an infection can spread into the carpal tunnel and into the forearm because the digital synovial sheath is continuous with the ulnar bursa.

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13
Q

Review long flexor tendons & synovial sheaths

A

Slide 23

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14
Q

Intrinsic Thenar Muscles (Thumb)

A

Abductor pollicis brevis
Flexor pollicis brevis
Opponens pollicis
Adductor pollicis (not part of eminence)

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15
Q

Thenar eminence muscles

A

Abductor pollicis brevis
Flexor pollicis brevis (superficial head and deep head)
Opponens pollicis

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16
Q

Heads of the Adductor pollicis

A

Oblique head and Transverse head

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17
Q

Proximal attachment of Opponens pollicis

A

Flexor retinaculum and tubercles of scaphoid and trapezium

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18
Q

Distal attachment of Opponens pollicis

A

Lateral side of 1st metacarpal

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19
Q

Actions of Opponens pollicis

A

Oppose thumb and medially rotate 1st metacarpal

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20
Q

Innervation of Opponens pollicis

A

Recurrent branch of median nerve

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21
Q

Proximal attachment of Abductor pollicis brevis

A

Flexor retinaculum and tubercles of scaphoid and trapezium

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22
Q

Distal attachment of Abductor pollicis brevis

A

Later side of base of proximal phalanx of thumb

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23
Q

Actions of Abductor pollicis brevis

A

Abduct thumb, aid in opposition

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24
Q

Innervation of Abductor pollicis brevis

A

Recurrent branch of median nerve

25
Q

Proximal attachment of Flexor pollicis brevis

A

Flexor retinaculum and tubercles of scaphoid and trapezium

26
Q

Distal attachment of Flexor pollicis brevis

A

Lateral side of base of proximal phalanx of thumb

27
Q

Actions of Flexor pollicis brevis

A

Flexes thumb

28
Q

Innervation of Flexor pollicis brevis

A

Recurrent branch of median nerve (superficial head) and deep branch of ulnar nerve (deep head)

29
Q

Proximal attachment of Adductor pollicis

A

Bases of 2nd and 3rd metacarpals, capitate, and adjacent carpals

30
Q

Distal attachment of Adductor pollicis

A

Medial side of base of proximal phalanx of thumb

31
Q

Actions of Adductor pollicis

A

Adducts thumb toward lateral border of palm

32
Q

Innervation of Adductor pollicis

A

Deep branch of ulnar nerve

33
Q

Proximal attachment of Abductor digiti minimi

A

Pisiform

34
Q

Distal attachment of Abductor digiti minimi

A

Medial side of base of proximal phalanx of 5th digit

35
Q

Actions of Abductor digiti minimi

A

Abducts 5th digit, aids in flexion of 5th proximal phalanx

36
Q

Innervation of Abductor digiti minimi

A

Deep branch of ulnar nerve

37
Q

Proximal attachment of Flexor digiti minimi (brevis)

A

Hook of hamate and flexor retinaculum

38
Q

Distal attachment of Flexor digiti minimi (brevis)

A

Medial side of base of proximal phalanx of 5th digit

39
Q

Actions of Flexor digiti minimi (brevis)

A

Flexes proximal phalanx of digit 5

40
Q

Innervation of Flexor digiti minimi (brevis)

A

Deep branch of ulnar nerve

41
Q

Proximal attachment of Opponens digiti minimi

A

Hook of hamate and flexor retinaculum

42
Q

Distal attachment of Opponens digiti minimi

A

Medial border of 5th metacarpal

43
Q

Actions of Opponens digiti minimi

A

Brings 5th metacarpal anterior and rotates it to bring it into opposition with thumb

44
Q

Innervation of Opponens digiti minimi

A

Deep branch of ulnar nerve

45
Q

Attachment of 1st and 2nd lumbricals

A

Lateral 2 tendons of FDP

46
Q

Innervation of 1st and 2nd lumbricals

A

Median nerve

47
Q

Attachment of 3rd and 4th lumbricals

A

Medial 3 tendons of FDP

48
Q

Innervation of 3rd and 4th lumbricals

A

Deep branch of ulnar nerve

49
Q

Insertion of lumbricals

A

Insert on the lateral sides of the extensor expansions of digits 2-5

50
Q

Actions of lumbricals

A

Flex the metacarpophalangeal joints and extend interphalangeal joints (via the extensor expansion and extensor hood) of digits 2-5

51
Q

Attachment of Palmar Interossei (3 muscles total)

A

Attach to palmar surfaces of 2nd, 4th, and 5th metacarpals

52
Q

Insertion of Palmar Interossei (3 muscles total)

A

Insert at bases of proximal phalanges and the extensor expansions of digits 2nd, 4th, and 5th digits

53
Q

Actions of Palmar Interossei (3 muscles total)

A

Adduct 2nd, 4th, and 5th fingers toward axial line; also assist lumbricals

54
Q

Innervation of Palmar Interossei (3 muscles total)

A

Deep branch of ulnar nerve

55
Q

Attachment of Dorsal Interossei (4 muscles total)

A

Attach to adjacent side of 2 metacarpals

56
Q

Insertion of Dorsal Interossei (4 muscles total)

A

Insert at bases of proximal phalanges and the extensor expansions of digits 2-4

57
Q

Actions of Dorsal Interossei (4 muscles total)

A

Abduct 2nd-4th fingers toward axial line; also assist lumbricals

58
Q

Innervation of Dorsal Interossei (4 muscles total)

A

Deep branch of ulnar nerve

Anatomy Test 3 (8 decks)

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