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Anatomy Test 3 > The Back > Flashcards

The Back Flashcards

1
Q

Proximal attachment of the Trapezius muscle

A

External occipital protuberance of skull, nuchal ligament, spinous processes of C7-C12 vertebrae

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2
Q

Distal attachment of the Trapezius

A

Lateral third of clavicle (anterior), acromion, and spine of scapula

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3
Q

Actions of the Trapezius

A

Elevates, depresses, and retracts scapula; rotates glenoid fossa superiorly

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4
Q

Innervation of the Trapezius

A

Motor: Accessory Nerve
Sensory: Ventral rami of C3 and C4

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5
Q

Proximal attachment of Latissimus Dorsi

A

Spinous processes of inferior 6 thoracic vertebrae, thoracolumbar fascia, iliac crest, and inferior ribs

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6
Q

Distal attachment of Latissimus Dorsi

A

Floor of intertubercular sulcus (bicipital groove) of humerus

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7
Q

Actions of Latissimus Dorsi

A

Extends, adducts, and medially rotates humerus; raises torso towards arms during climbing

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8
Q

Innervation of Latissimus Dorsi

A

Thoracodorsal nerve

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9
Q

Proximal attachment of Rhomboid major

A

Spinous processes of T2-T5

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10
Q

Distal attachment of Rhomboid major

A

Medial border of scapula from level of spine to inferior angle

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11
Q

Actions of Rhomboid major

A

Retract, elevate, and rotate scapula downward, as well as fix it to thoracic wall. (also action of rhomboid minor)

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12
Q

Innervation of Rhomboid major

A

Dorsal scapular nerve (same as rhomboid minor)

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13
Q

Proximal attachment of Rhomboid minor

A

Nuchal ligament, spinous processes of C7 and T1

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14
Q

Distal attachment of Rhomboid minor

A

Medial end of scapular spine

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15
Q

Actions of Rhomboid minor

A

Retract, elevate, and rotate scapula downward, as well as fix it to thoracic wall (same as Rhomboid major)

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16
Q

Innervation of Rhomboid minor

A

Dorsal scapular nerve (same as Rhomboid major)

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17
Q

Proximal attachment of Levator scapulae

A

Posterior tubercles of transverse processes of first 4 cervical vertebrae

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18
Q

Distal attachment of levator scapulae

A

Medial border of scapula, superior part of scapular spine

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19
Q

Actions of levator scapulae

A

Elevates scapula and tilts glenoid fossa inferiorly by rotating scapula (downward rotation)

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20
Q

Innervation of levator scapulae

A

Dorsal scapular nerve and ventral rami of cervical spinal nerves

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21
Q

Proximal attachment of Serratus posterior superior

A

Nuchal ligament, spinous processes of C7-T3 vertebrae

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22
Q

Distal attachment of Serratus posterior superior

A

Superior border of ribs 2-4

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23
Q

Actions of Serratus posterior superior

A

Elevates ribs

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24
Q

Innervation of Serratus posterior superior

A

T2-T5 intercostal nerves (ventral rami)

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25
Proximal attachment of Serratus posterior inferior
Spinous processes of T11-L2 vertebrae
26
Distal attachment of Serratus posterior inferior
Inferior borders of ribs 8-12, near their angles
27
Actions of Serratus posterior inferior
Depress ribs
28
Innervation of Serratus posterior inferior
Intercostal nerves and subcostal nerve (T12) (ventral rami)
29
Name the two Splenius muscles
Splenius cervicis | Splenius capitis
30
Origin of both splenius cervicis and splenius capitis
Both arise from nuchal ligament (ligamentum nuchae) and spinous processes of T1-T6 vertebrae
31
Insertion of splenius cervicis
Tubercles of transverse processes of C1-C4 vertebrae
32
Insertion of splenius capitis
Lateral parts of mastoid processes and superior nuchal line
33
Actions of both splenius cervicis and splenius capitis
Bilaterally: extend head and neck Unilaterally: laterally flex neck and rotate head to side of contracting muscle
34
Innervation of both splenius cervicis and splenius capitis
Dorsal rami of spinal nerves
35
Name the muscles of the Erector spinae group
Iliocostalis Longissimus Spinalis
36
Actions of the Erector spinae group of muscles
Bilaterally: Extend vertebral column and head Unilaterally: Laterally flex vertebral column
37
Innervation of the Erector spinae group
Dorsal rami of spinal nerves
38
Name the three Iliocostalis muscles
Lumborum, thoracis, and cervicis
39
Origin of the Iliocostalis muscles
Broad common tendon attaches to iliac crest, posterior part of sacrum, sacroiliac ligaments, sacral and inferior lumbar spinous processes, and supraspinous ligament
40
Insertion of iliocostalis lumborum
Ribs 6-12
41
Insertion of iliocostalis thoracis
Ribs 1-6
42
Insertion of iliocostalis cervicis
Ribs 1-6 and posterior tubercles of the transverse processes of cervical vertebrae 4-6
43
Name the three Longissimus muscles
Thoracis, cervicis, and capitis
44
Origin of longissimus thoracis
Broad common tendon attaches to iliac crest, posterior part of sacrum, sacroiliac ligaments, sacral and inferior lumbar spinous processes, and supraspinous ligament
45
Insertion of longissimus thoracis
Ribs and adjacent transverse processes of thoracic vertebrae
46
Origin of longissimus cervicis
Transverse processes of cervical vertebrae
47
Insertion of longissimus cervicis
Transverse processes of cervical vertebrae
48
Origin of longissimus capitis
Transverse processes of cervical vertebrae
49
Insertion of longissimus capitis
Mastoid process
50
Name the three spinalis muscles
Thoracis, cervicis, and capitis
51
Origin of spinalis thoracis
Originates on spinous processes
52
Insertion of spinalis thoracis
Inserts on spinous processes superior to them
53
Describe spinalis cervicis and spinalis capitis
Both can be difficult to differentiate and capitis can be missing entirely
54
Name the muscles in the transversospinalis group
Semispinalis, rotatores, multifidus
55
Innervation of transversospinalis group
Dorsal rami of spinal nerves
56
Name the three semispinalis muscles
Thoracis, cervicis, and capitis
57
Semispinalis cervicis
Cervical transverse processes to spinous processes of 2nd cervical vertebra
58
Semispinalis capitis
Superficial to cervicis | Transverse processes of 1st-6th thoracic vertebrae to nuchal line
59
Semispinalis thoracis
Transverse to spinous processes in thoracic region
60
Action of Semispinalis group
Extend head, thoracic, and cervical regions; rotates them contralaterally
61
Origin of multifidus
Transverse processes
62
Insertion of multifidus
Spinous processes
63
Action of Mutifidus
Stabilizes vertebrae during localized movements of the vertebral column
64
Describe multifidus
Cover lamina and span vertebral segments from sacrum all the way to 2nd cervical vertebra. Easiest to see in lumbar region
65
Describe Rotatores Brevis
Transverse process of one vertebra to base of spinous process of next vertebra above (spans one intervertebral joint)
66
Describe Rotatores Longus
Transverse process of one vertebra to spinous process of 2nd vertebra above (spans 2 intervertebral joints)
67
Where are the rotatores easiest to see?
In thoracic region
68
Action of Rotatores
Extend head, thoracic, and cervical regions; rotates them contralaterally
69
Innervation of interspinales
Dorsal rami of spinal nerves
70
Innervation of Intertransversari
Dorsal and ventral rami of s. nerves
71
Innervation of levator costarum
Dorsal rami of C8-T11 s. nerves
72
Muscles of the suboccipital region
1. Rectus capitis posterior major 2. Rectus capitis posterior minor 3. Obliquus capitis superior (superior oblique capitis) 4. Obliquus capitis inferior (inferior oblique capitis)
73
Innervation of suboccipital region muscles
All are innervated by suboccipital nerve (dorsal rami of C1)
74
Action of suboccipital region muscles
Mainly postural | Also aid in extension and rotation at atlantoaxial joint
75
Suboccipital Region: Nerves and Vessels
1. Vertebral artery 2. Suboccipital nerve 3. Greater occipital nerve 4. Posterior atlanto-occipital membrane (continuous with ligamentum flava)
76
Suboccipital nerve of Suboccipital region
Dorsal ramus of C-1 Between skull and atlas Motor to all triangle muscles
77
Greater occipital nerve of Suboccipital region
Dorsal ramus of C-2 Between atlas and axis Sensory fibers ONLY
78
Function of the superficial, or extrinsic, muscles of the back
Move the upper limb and pectoral girdle
79
Innervation of the superficial, or extrinsic, muscles of the back
All but one are innervated by branches from the brachial plexus (ventral rami)
80
Name the superficial, or extrinsic, muscles of the back
Layer 1: Trapezius and Latissimus dorsi Layer 2: Levator scapulae, rhomboid major, and rhomboid minor Layer 3: Serratus posterior superior and serratus posterior inferior
81
Posterior Axioappendicular Muscles
Posterior muscles that attach the scapula and humerus to the axial skeleton, and/or the scapula to the humerus
82
2 major groups of epaxial back muscles
Erector Spinae Group | Transversospinalis Group

Anatomy Test 3 (8 decks)

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