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Anatomy Test 3 > The Back > Flashcards

The Back Flashcards

1
Q

Proximal attachment of the Trapezius muscle

A

External occipital protuberance of skull, nuchal ligament, spinous processes of C7-C12 vertebrae

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2
Q

Distal attachment of the Trapezius

A

Lateral third of clavicle (anterior), acromion, and spine of scapula

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3
Q

Actions of the Trapezius

A

Elevates, depresses, and retracts scapula; rotates glenoid fossa superiorly

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4
Q

Innervation of the Trapezius

A

Motor: Accessory Nerve
Sensory: Ventral rami of C3 and C4

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5
Q

Proximal attachment of Latissimus Dorsi

A

Spinous processes of inferior 6 thoracic vertebrae, thoracolumbar fascia, iliac crest, and inferior ribs

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6
Q

Distal attachment of Latissimus Dorsi

A

Floor of intertubercular sulcus (bicipital groove) of humerus

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7
Q

Actions of Latissimus Dorsi

A

Extends, adducts, and medially rotates humerus; raises torso towards arms during climbing

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8
Q

Innervation of Latissimus Dorsi

A

Thoracodorsal nerve

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9
Q

Proximal attachment of Rhomboid major

A

Spinous processes of T2-T5

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10
Q

Distal attachment of Rhomboid major

A

Medial border of scapula from level of spine to inferior angle

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11
Q

Actions of Rhomboid major

A

Retract, elevate, and rotate scapula downward, as well as fix it to thoracic wall. (also action of rhomboid minor)

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12
Q

Innervation of Rhomboid major

A

Dorsal scapular nerve (same as rhomboid minor)

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13
Q

Proximal attachment of Rhomboid minor

A

Nuchal ligament, spinous processes of C7 and T1

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14
Q

Distal attachment of Rhomboid minor

A

Medial end of scapular spine

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15
Q

Actions of Rhomboid minor

A

Retract, elevate, and rotate scapula downward, as well as fix it to thoracic wall (same as Rhomboid major)

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16
Q

Innervation of Rhomboid minor

A

Dorsal scapular nerve (same as Rhomboid major)

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17
Q

Proximal attachment of Levator scapulae

A

Posterior tubercles of transverse processes of first 4 cervical vertebrae

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18
Q

Distal attachment of levator scapulae

A

Medial border of scapula, superior part of scapular spine

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19
Q

Actions of levator scapulae

A

Elevates scapula and tilts glenoid fossa inferiorly by rotating scapula (downward rotation)

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20
Q

Innervation of levator scapulae

A

Dorsal scapular nerve and ventral rami of cervical spinal nerves

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21
Q

Proximal attachment of Serratus posterior superior

A

Nuchal ligament, spinous processes of C7-T3 vertebrae

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22
Q

Distal attachment of Serratus posterior superior

A

Superior border of ribs 2-4

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23
Q

Actions of Serratus posterior superior

A

Elevates ribs

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24
Q

Innervation of Serratus posterior superior

A

T2-T5 intercostal nerves (ventral rami)

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25
Q

Proximal attachment of Serratus posterior inferior

A

Spinous processes of T11-L2 vertebrae

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26
Q

Distal attachment of Serratus posterior inferior

A

Inferior borders of ribs 8-12, near their angles

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27
Q

Actions of Serratus posterior inferior

A

Depress ribs

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28
Q

Innervation of Serratus posterior inferior

A

Intercostal nerves and subcostal nerve (T12) (ventral rami)

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29
Q

Name the two Splenius muscles

A

Splenius cervicis

Splenius capitis

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30
Q

Origin of both splenius cervicis and splenius capitis

A

Both arise from nuchal ligament (ligamentum nuchae) and spinous processes of T1-T6 vertebrae

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31
Q

Insertion of splenius cervicis

A

Tubercles of transverse processes of C1-C4 vertebrae

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32
Q

Insertion of splenius capitis

A

Lateral parts of mastoid processes and superior nuchal line

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33
Q

Actions of both splenius cervicis and splenius capitis

A

Bilaterally: extend head and neck
Unilaterally: laterally flex neck and rotate head to side of contracting muscle

34
Q

Innervation of both splenius cervicis and splenius capitis

A

Dorsal rami of spinal nerves

35
Q

Name the muscles of the Erector spinae group

A

Iliocostalis
Longissimus
Spinalis

36
Q

Actions of the Erector spinae group of muscles

A

Bilaterally: Extend vertebral column and head
Unilaterally: Laterally flex vertebral column

37
Q

Innervation of the Erector spinae group

A

Dorsal rami of spinal nerves

38
Q

Name the three Iliocostalis muscles

A

Lumborum, thoracis, and cervicis

39
Q

Origin of the Iliocostalis muscles

A

Broad common tendon attaches to iliac crest, posterior part of sacrum, sacroiliac ligaments, sacral and inferior lumbar spinous processes, and supraspinous ligament

40
Q

Insertion of iliocostalis lumborum

41
Q

Insertion of iliocostalis thoracis

42
Q

Insertion of iliocostalis cervicis

A

Ribs 1-6 and posterior tubercles of the transverse processes of cervical vertebrae 4-6

43
Q

Name the three Longissimus muscles

A

Thoracis, cervicis, and capitis

44
Q

Origin of longissimus thoracis

A

Broad common tendon attaches to iliac crest, posterior part of sacrum, sacroiliac ligaments, sacral and inferior lumbar spinous processes, and supraspinous ligament

45
Q

Insertion of longissimus thoracis

A

Ribs and adjacent transverse processes of thoracic vertebrae

46
Q

Origin of longissimus cervicis

A

Transverse processes of cervical vertebrae

47
Q

Insertion of longissimus cervicis

A

Transverse processes of cervical vertebrae

48
Q

Origin of longissimus capitis

A

Transverse processes of cervical vertebrae

49
Q

Insertion of longissimus capitis

A

Mastoid process

50
Q

Name the three spinalis muscles

A

Thoracis, cervicis, and capitis

51
Q

Origin of spinalis thoracis

A

Originates on spinous processes

52
Q

Insertion of spinalis thoracis

A

Inserts on spinous processes superior to them

53
Q

Describe spinalis cervicis and spinalis capitis

A

Both can be difficult to differentiate and capitis can be missing entirely

54
Q

Name the muscles in the transversospinalis group

A

Semispinalis, rotatores, multifidus

55
Q

Innervation of transversospinalis group

A

Dorsal rami of spinal nerves

56
Q

Name the three semispinalis muscles

A

Thoracis, cervicis, and capitis

57
Q

Semispinalis cervicis

A

Cervical transverse processes to spinous processes of 2nd cervical vertebra

58
Q

Semispinalis capitis

A

Superficial to cervicis

Transverse processes of 1st-6th thoracic vertebrae to nuchal line

59
Q

Semispinalis thoracis

A

Transverse to spinous processes in thoracic region

60
Q

Action of Semispinalis group

A

Extend head, thoracic, and cervical regions; rotates them contralaterally

61
Q

Origin of multifidus

A

Transverse processes

62
Q

Insertion of multifidus

A

Spinous processes

63
Q

Action of Mutifidus

A

Stabilizes vertebrae during localized movements of the vertebral column

64
Q

Describe multifidus

A

Cover lamina and span vertebral segments from sacrum all the way to 2nd cervical vertebra.
Easiest to see in lumbar region

65
Q

Describe Rotatores Brevis

A

Transverse process of one vertebra to base of spinous process of next vertebra above (spans one intervertebral joint)

66
Q

Describe Rotatores Longus

A

Transverse process of one vertebra to spinous process of 2nd vertebra above (spans 2 intervertebral joints)

67
Q

Where are the rotatores easiest to see?

A

In thoracic region

68
Q

Action of Rotatores

A

Extend head, thoracic, and cervical regions; rotates them contralaterally

69
Q

Innervation of interspinales

A

Dorsal rami of spinal nerves

70
Q

Innervation of Intertransversari

A

Dorsal and ventral rami of s. nerves

71
Q

Innervation of levator costarum

A

Dorsal rami of C8-T11 s. nerves

72
Q

Muscles of the suboccipital region

A
  1. Rectus capitis posterior major
  2. Rectus capitis posterior minor
  3. Obliquus capitis superior (superior oblique capitis)
  4. Obliquus capitis inferior (inferior oblique capitis)
73
Q

Innervation of suboccipital region muscles

A

All are innervated by suboccipital nerve (dorsal rami of C1)

74
Q

Action of suboccipital region muscles

A

Mainly postural

Also aid in extension and rotation at atlantoaxial joint

75
Q

Suboccipital Region: Nerves and Vessels

A
  1. Vertebral artery
  2. Suboccipital nerve
  3. Greater occipital nerve
  4. Posterior atlanto-occipital membrane (continuous with ligamentum flava)
76
Q

Suboccipital nerve of Suboccipital region

A

Dorsal ramus of C-1
Between skull and atlas
Motor to all triangle muscles

77
Q

Greater occipital nerve of Suboccipital region

A

Dorsal ramus of C-2
Between atlas and axis
Sensory fibers ONLY

78
Q

Function of the superficial, or extrinsic, muscles of the back

A

Move the upper limb and pectoral girdle

79
Q

Innervation of the superficial, or extrinsic, muscles of the back

A

All but one are innervated by branches from the brachial plexus (ventral rami)

80
Q

Name the superficial, or extrinsic, muscles of the back

A

Layer 1: Trapezius and Latissimus dorsi
Layer 2: Levator scapulae, rhomboid major, and rhomboid minor
Layer 3: Serratus posterior superior and serratus posterior inferior

81
Q

Posterior Axioappendicular Muscles

A

Posterior muscles that attach the scapula and humerus to the axial skeleton, and/or the scapula to the humerus

82
Q

2 major groups of epaxial back muscles

A

Erector Spinae Group

Transversospinalis Group

Anatomy Test 3 (8 decks)

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