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Anatomy Test 3 > The arm and forearm > Flashcards

The arm and forearm Flashcards

1
Q

Branches of the Brachial Artery

A

Profunda Brachii (Deep brachial artery)
Superior Ulnar Collateral
Inferior Ulnar Collateral

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2
Q

Branches of the Profunda Brachii (Deep brachial artery)

A

Posterior descending branch (= middle collateral)

Anterior descending branch (= radial collateral)

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3
Q

Anterior (Flexor) Compartment Muscles

A

Biceps Brachii (long and short head)
Brachialis
Coracobrachialis

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4
Q

Innervation of the Anterior (Flexor) Compartment

A

Musculocutaneous Nerve

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5
Q

Proximal attachment of long head of biceps brachii

A

Supraglenoid tubercle of scapula

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6
Q

Proximal attachment of short head of biceps brachii

A

Coracoid process of scapula

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7
Q

Distal attachment of Biceps Brachii

A

Radial tuberosity and fascia of forearm via bicipital aponeurosis

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8
Q

Actions of Biceps Brachii

A

Supinates forearm, when supine will flex forearm

Resists dislocation of shoulder (short head)

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9
Q

Blood supply to Biceps Brachii

A

Brachial artery

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10
Q

Innervation of Biceps Brachii

A

Musculocutaneous nerve (C5, C6)

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11
Q

Proximal attachment of Coracobrachialis

A

Coracoid process of scapula

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12
Q

Distal attachment of Coracobrachialis

A

Middle 1/3 of medial humeral surface

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13
Q

Actions of Coracobrachialis

A

Flexes and adducts arm at shoulder joint

Resists dislocation of shoulder joint

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14
Q

Blood supply to Coracobrachialis

A

Brachial artery

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15
Q

Innervation of Coracobrachialis

A

Musculocutaneous nerve (C5, C6, and C7)

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16
Q

Proximal attachment of Brachialis

A

Distal 1/2 of anterior surface of humerus

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17
Q

Distal attachment of Brachialis

A

Coronoid process and tuberosity of ulna

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18
Q

Actions of Brachialis

A

Flexes forearm at elbow joint

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19
Q

Blood supply of Brachialis

A

Brachial artery

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20
Q

Innervation of Brachialis

A 
Musculocutaneous nerve (C5, C6)
Lateral portions may receive radial nerve contributions
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21
Q

Posterior (Extensor) Compartment Muscles

A 
Triceps Brachii (Long, Lateral, and Medial heads)
Anconeus
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22
Q

Innervation of Posterior (Extensor) Compartment

A

Radial Nerve

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23
Q

Proximal attachment of Anconeus

A

Lateral epicondyle of humerus

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24
Q

Distal attachment of Anconeus

A

Lateral surface of olecranon, superior part of surface of ulna

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25
Q

Actions of the Anconeus

A

Assists triceps in extension of forearm and stabilizes elbow joint; also abducts ulna during pronation

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26
Q

Blood supply of Anconeus

A

Deep brachial artery

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27
Q

Innervation of Anconeus

A

Radial nerve (C7, C8, T1)

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28
Q

Proximal attachment of Long head of Triceps Brachii

A

Infraglenoid tubercle

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29
Q

Proximal attachment of Lateral head of Triceps Brachii

A

Posterior surface of humerus

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30
Q

Proximal attachment of Medial head of Triceps Brachii

A

Posterior surface of humerus, inferior to radial groove (spiral groove)

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31
Q

Distal attachment of Triceps Brachii

A

Proximal end of olecranon and fascia of forearm

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32
Q

Actions of Triceps Brachii

A

Extends forearm at elbow joint (main)

Resists dislocation of shoulder joint (long head)

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33
Q

Blood supply of Triceps Brachii

A

Deep brachial artery

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34
Q

Innervation of Triceps Brachii

A

Radial nerve (C6, C7, C8)

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35
Q

The triceps are constantly acting as ______ to the forearm flexors.

A

Antagonists

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36
Q

The Cubital Fossa

A

A junction between the arm and forearm regions (Review slides starting on page 13)

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37
Q

Lateral boundary of the Cubital Fossa

A

Brachioradialis

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38
Q

Medial boundary of the Cubital Fossa

A

Pronator teres

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39
Q

Superior boundary of the Cubital Fossa

A

An imaginary line between medial and lateral epicondyles of humerus

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40
Q

Roof of Cubital Fossa

A

Skin, superficial and deep fascia, bicipital aponeurosis

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41
Q

Floor of Cubital Fossa

A

Supinator and Brachialis

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42
Q

Contents of the Cubital Fossa

A
  1. Median nerve
  2. Bifurcation of radial and ulnar arteries
  3. Brachial veins (venae comitantes)
  4. Tendon of biceps brachii and bicipital aponeurosis
  5. Radial Nerve (deep radial nerve and superficial radial nerve)
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43
Q

Structural relationship of Bicipital Aponeurosis within the Cubital Fossa

A

Superficial to:
Brachial Artery
Median Artery

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44
Q

Structural relationship of Median Cubital Vein within the Cubital Fossa

A

Superficial to the bicipital aponeurosis

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45
Q

Structural relationship of Median Nerve within the Cubital Fossa

A

Medial to the brachial artery

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46
Q

Structural relationship of Musculocutaneous Nerve within the Cubital Fossa

A

Between biceps brachii and brachialis

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47
Q

Structural relationship of Radial Nerve within the Cubital Fossa

A

Between Brachioradialis and Brachialis

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48
Q

Structural relationship of Superficial Radial Nerve within the Cubital Fossa

A

Underneath Brachioradialis

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49
Q

Structural relationship of Supinator within the Cubital Fossa

A

Penetrated by deep radial nerve

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50
Q

Elbow Region Components

A

Triceps and olecranon process
Anconeus
Ulnar nerve rund posterior to medial epicondyle of humerus (“funny bone”)
Posterior ulnar recurrent artery

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51
Q

Cubital Anastomosis

A

See page 19 and draw it

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52
Q

Elbow joints

A

Humeroradial
Humeroulnar
Proximal Radioulnar

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53
Q 
Arterial supply and cubital anastomoses:
Proximal Sources (Collateral) -
A

Superior ulnar collateral (from brachial a.)
Inferior ulnar collateral (from brachial a.)
Radial collateral (Anterior desc. branch of deep brachial)
Middle collateral (Posterior desc. branch of deep brachial)

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54
Q 
Arterial Supply and Cubital Anastomoses:
Distal Sources (Recurrent) -
A

Anterior ulnar recurrent a. (From ulnar a.)
Posterior ulnar recurrent a. (from ulnar a.)
Radial recurrent a. (from radial a.)
Interosseous arteries (from common interosseous a. which is a branch of ulnar a.)

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55
Q

Interosseous arteries

A

Recurrent interosseous a.
Anterior interosseous a. (not part of cubital anastomosis)
Posterior interosseous a. (not part of cubital anastomosis)

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56
Q

Name the recurrent artery of the Inferior ulnar collateral

A

Anterior ulnar recurrent

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57
Q

Name the recurrent artery of the Superior ulnar collateral

A

Posterior ulnar recurrent

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58
Q

Name the recurrent artery of the Radial collateral

A

Radial recurrent

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59
Q

Name the recurrent artery of the Middle collateral

A

Interosseous arteries

60
Q

Blood supply to Anterior Forearm

A

Ulnar a.
Common Interosseous a. (via ant. interosseous a.)
Radial a.

61
Q

Blood supply to Anterior Hand

A

Superficial Palmar Arch (ulnar artery)

Deep Palmar Arch (radial artery)

62
Q

Arterial supply to posterior forearm and hand

A 
Radial artery (via deep palmar arch and dorsal carpal arch - hand)
Common interosseous artery (posterior interosseous artery)
Perforating (posterior) branch of anterior interosseous artery
63
Q

Superficial muscles of the anterior forearm

A

Pronator Teres
Flexor Carpi Radialis
Palmaris Longus
Flexor Carpi Ulnaris

64
Q

Proximal attachment of Pronator Teres

A

Coronoid process of ulna

Humeral attachment

65
Q

Distal attachment of Pronator Teres

A

Middle of lateral surface of radius

66
Q

Actions of Pronator Teres

A

Pronates and flexes forearm at elbow

67
Q

Innervation of Pronator Teres

A

Median Nerve

68
Q

Proximal attachment of Flexor Carpi Radialis

A

Medial epicondyle of humerus (“Common flexor origin”)

69
Q

Distal attachment of Flexor Carpi Radialis

A

Base of 2nd metacarpal

70
Q

Actions of Flexor Carpi Radialis

A

Flexes and abducts hand at wrist

71
Q

Innervation of Flexor Carpi Radialis

A

Median nerve

72
Q

Proximal attachment of Palmaris Longus

A

Medial epicondyle of humerus

73
Q

Distal attachment of Palmaris Longus

A

Flexor retinaculum; continuous with palmar aponeurosis

74
Q

Actions of Palmaris Longus

A

Flexes hand at wrist, tenses palmar aponeurosis

75
Q

Innervation of Palmaris Longus

A

Median nerve

76
Q

Proximal attachment of Flexor Carpi Ulnaris

A

Medial epicondyle of humerus

77
Q

Distal attachment of Flexor Carpi Ulnaris

A

Pisiform, hook of hamate, 5th metacarpal

78
Q

Actions of Flexor Carpi Ulnaris

A

Flexes and adducts hand at wrist

79
Q

Innervation of Flexor Carpi Ulnaris

A

Ulnar nerve

80
Q

Intermediate muscles of the anterior forearm

A

Flexor digitorum superficialis

81
Q

Proximal attachment of Flexor Digitorum Superficialis

A

Medial epicondyle of humerus, superior 1/2 of anterior border of radius

82
Q

Distal attachment of Flexor Digitorum Superficialis

A

Shafts of middle phalanges of medial 4 digits

83
Q

Actions of Flexor Digitorum Superficialis

A

Flexes middle phalanges at proximal interphalangeal joint, flexes proximal phalanges at metacarpophalangeal joints

84
Q

Innervation of Flexor Digitorum Superficialis

A

Median nerve

85
Q

Deep muscles of the anterior forearm

A

Flexor digitorum profundus
Flexor pollicis longus
Pronator quadratus

86
Q

Proximal attachment of Flexor Digitorum Profundus

A

Proximal 3/4 of medial and anterior surfaces of ulna and interosseous membrane

87
Q

Distal attachment of Flexor Digitorum Profundus

A

Bases of distal phalanges of 2nd-5th fingers

88
Q

Actions of Flexor Digitorum Profundus

A

Flexes distal phalanges of interphalangeal joints (power grip)

89
Q

Innervation of Flexor Digitorum Profundus

A

Median (anterior interosseous nerve is branch from median nerve) and ulnar nerves

90
Q

Proximal attachment of Flexor Pollicis Longus

A

Anterior surface of radius and interosseous membrane

91
Q

Distal attachment of Flexor Pollicis Longus

A

Base of distal phalanx of thumb

92
Q

Actions of Flexor Pollicis Longus

A

Flexes thumb

93
Q

Innervation of Flexor Pollicis Longus

A

Median nerve via anterior interosseous nerve

94
Q

Proximal attachment of Pronator Quadratus

A

Distal 1/4 of anterior surface of ulna

95
Q

Distal attachment of Pronator Quadratus

A

Distal 1/4 of anterior surface of radius

96
Q

Actions of Pronator Quadratus

A

Pronates forearm, deep fibers bind radius, and ulna together

97
Q

Innervation of Pronator Quadratus

A

Median nerve via anterior interosseous nerve

98
Q

Innervation of Posterior Forearm

A

Radial Nerve

  • Superficial branch of radial nerve (lateral, runs beneath brachioradialis)
  • Deep branch of radial nerve (posterior, becomes posterior interosseous nerve)
99
Q

Superficial muscles of the posterior forearm

A 
Brachioradialis 
Extensor carpi radialis longus
Extensor carpi radialis brevis
Extensor digitorum
Extensor digiti minimi
Extensor carpi ulnaris
100
Q

Proximal attachment of Brachioradialis

A

Proximal 2.3 of supraepicondylar ridge of humerus

101
Q

Distal attachment of Brachioradialis

A

Distal radius, proximal to styloid process

102
Q

Actions of Brachioradialis

A

Flexes forearm when it is pronated (about midprone position)

103
Q

Innervation of Brachioradialis

A

Radial nerve

104
Q

Proximal attachment of Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus

A

Later supracondylar ridge of humerus

105
Q

Distal attachment of Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus

A

Dorsal aspect of base of 2nd metacarpal

106
Q

Actions of Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus

A

Extend and abduct hand at wrist

107
Q

Innervation of Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus

A

Radial Nerve

108
Q

Proximal attachment of Extensor Carpi Radialis Brevis

A

Lateral epicondyle of humerus (common extensor origin)

109
Q

Distal attachment of Extensor Carpi Radialis Brevis

A

Dorsal aspect of base of 3rd metacarpal

110
Q

Actions of Extensor Carpi Radialis Brevis

A

Extend and abduct hand at wrist

111
Q

Innervation of Extensor Carpi Radialis Brevis

A

Deep branch of radial nerve

112
Q

Proximal attachment of Extensor digitorum

A

Lateral epicondyle of humerus (common extensor origin)

113
Q

Distal attachment of Extensor digitorum

A

Extensor expansions of medial 4 fingers

114
Q

Actions of Extensor digitorum

A

Extends medial four fingers at metacarpophalangeal joints and somewhat at interphalangeal joints

115
Q

Innervation of Extensor digitorum

A

Posterior interosseous nerve

116
Q

Proximal attachment of Extensor digiti minimi

A

Lateral epicondyle of humerus (common extensor origin)

117
Q

Distal attachment of Extensor digiti minimi

A

Extensor expansion of 5th finger

118
Q

Actions of Extensor digiti minimi

A

Extends 5th finger at metacarpophalangeal joint and secondarily at interphalangeal joins

119
Q

Innervation of Extensor digit minimi

A

Posterior interosseous nerve

120
Q

Proximal attachment of Extensor carpi ulnaris

A

Later epicondyle of humerus and posterior border of ulna

121
Q

Distal attachment of Extensor carpi ulnaris

A

Dorsal aspect of base of 5th metacarpal

122
Q

Actions of Extensor carpi ulnaris

A

Extends and adducts hand at wrist

123
Q

Innervation of Extensor carpi ulnaris

A

Posterior interosseous nerve

124
Q

Deep muscles of the posterior forearm

A

Supinator
Extensor indicis
Abductor pollicis longus (outcropping muscle)
Extensor pollicis longus (outcropping muscle)
Extensor pollicis brevis (outcropping muscle)

125
Q

Proximal attachment of supinator

A

Lateral epicondyle of humerus, radial collateral and anular ligament, and ulnar crest

126
Q

Distal attachment of supinator

A

Proximal 1/3 of radius (nearly all surfaces, as it wraps around the bone)

127
Q

Actions of supinator

A

Supinates forearm, bringing radius back to anatomical position

128
Q

Innervation of supinator

A

Deep branch of radial nerve

129
Q

Proximal attachment of Extensor indicis

A

Posterior surface of distal 1/3 of ulna and interosseous membrane

130
Q

Distal attachment of Extensor indicis

A

Extensor expansion of 2nd finger

131
Q

Actions of Extensor indicis

A

Independent extension of 2nd finger, but also helps with extension at wrist

132
Q

Innervation of Extensor indicis

A

Posterior interosseous nerve (this nerve is the continuation of the deep branch of the radial nerve)

133
Q

Proximal attachment of Abductor pollicis longus

A

Posterior surface of proximal 1/2 of ulna and radius, interosseous membrane

134
Q

Distal attachment of Abductor pollicis longus

A

Base of 1st metacarpal

135
Q

Actions of Abductor pollicis longus

A

Abducts thumb and extends it at carpometacarpal joint

136
Q

Innervation of Abductor pollicis longus

A

Posterior interosseous nerve

137
Q

Proximal attachment of Extensor pollicis brevis

A

posterior surface of distal 1/3 of radius, interosseous membrane

138
Q

Distal attachment of Extensor pollicis brevis

A

Dorsal aspect of proximal phalanx of thumb

139
Q

Actions of Extensor pollicis brevis

A

Extends proximal phalanx of thumb at its metacarpophalangeal joint, also extends carpometacarpal joint

140
Q

Innervation of Extensor pollicis brevis

A

Posterior interosseous nerve

141
Q

Proximal attachment of Extensor pollicis longus

A

Posterior surface of middle 1/3 of ulna, interosseous membrane

142
Q

Distal attachment of Extensor pollicis longus

A

Dorsal aspect of base of distal phalanx of thumb

143
Q

Actions of Extensor pollicis longus

A

Extends distal phalanx of thumb at it interphalangeal joint and extends the metacarpophalangeal and carpometacarpal joint

144
Q

Innervation of Extensor pollicis longus

A

Posterior interosseous nerve

145
Q

Components of the Anatomical Snuff Box

A

Extensor pollicis longus (ulnar border-more medial)
Extensor pollicis brevis (radial border)
Abductor pollicis longus (runs with e. p. brevis)

146
Q

Describe a radial nerve injury

A

Full or partial paralysis of the extensors of the wrist and fingers results in the inability to extend and thus the flexors “take-over” and the wrist assumes a partially flexed position.
“Wrist-drop”

Anatomy Test 3 (8 decks)

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