The shoulder

Question 1

On which side is the labrum of the glenoid widest?

Answer 1

Lateral. Extends the surface area of the glenoid by 25-30%

Question 2

What holds the biceps tendon in place in the intertubercular groove?

Answer 2

Transverse humeral retinaculum

Question 3

Is the tendon of the biceps intra or extraarticular?

Answer 3

Intraarticular (craniomedial aspect is surrounded by joint capsule)

Question 4

What shape is the medial lateral collateral ligament of the shoulder?

Answer 4

Y-shaped

Question 5

What are the rotator cuff muscles of the shoulders?

Answer 5

Supraspinatous, infrapinatous, teres minor (lateral), subscapularis, coracobrachialis (medial). Tendons are blended with the joint capsule

Question 6

What are normal flexion and extension values of the shoulder in the dog and cat?

Answer 6

Dog: 57 degrees flexion, 165 extension
Cat: 32 degrees flexion, 164 extension

Question 7

What are the passive mechanisms of shoulder joint stabilization?

Answer 7

Limited joint volume, adhesion/cohesion mechanisms, concavity compression, capsuloligamentous restraints

Question 8

What are the active mechanisms of shoulder joint stabilization?

Answer 8

Rotator cuff muscles

Question 9

What soft tissue structures of the shoulder cannot be visualized on CT?

Answer 9

Teres minor muscle tendon and coracobrachialis muscle

Question 10

What shoulder joint angle is ideal following arthrodesis?

Answer 10

105-110 degrees

Question 11

What is the most common location of shoulder OCD?

Answer 11

Caudocentral or caudomedial humeral hdead

Question 12

In what percentage of dogs with shoulder OCD is a non-mineralized cartilage flap trapped in the tendon sheath of the biceps brachii muscle?

Answer 12

10%

Question 13

What is the recommended treatment for glenoid dysplasia?

Answer 13

Excision arthroplasty or arthrodesis