The Short Term Effects Of Exercise

Question 1

What changes happen straight away after/doing exercise?

Answer 1

• Cardio-vascular
• Respiratory
• Muscular

Question 2

Describe what happens to the Cardio-Vascular System?

Answer 2

• Heart rate, stroke volume, blood pressure & cardiac output all rise.
• Increase in heart rate prior to exercise —> anticipatory rise caused by adrenaline.

Question 3

What effects does it have on the CV System in sport?

Answer 3

• Increase in heart rate allows more performer to receive more blood —> more O2 working muscles to continue working.
• Vascular shunting helps further.

Question 4

Describe what happens in the Respiratory System?

Answer 4

Athletes need more O2 & so more CO2 to get rid of:

• rate & depth of breathing increases
• tidal volume minute ventilation both increases as a result
• gaseous exchange speeds up
• oxygen debt may occurs, depending on intensity of exercise.

Question 5

What effect does it have on the Respiratory System in sport?

Answer 5

• More O2 inhaled into body allows heart to deliver O2 to working muscles.
• Very important in endurance activities e.g running.

Question 6

Describe what happens in the Muscular System?

Answer 6

• Muscle temperature increases due to increased blood flow.
• Lactate accumulation from lactic acid build. When not enough O2 entering, anaerobic respiration occurs. Eg sprinting, intense exercise.
• Muscle fatigue may occur when exercising intensely. Not enough O2 available & so anaerobic respiration takes place & lactic acid produced.

Question 7

What effect does it have on the Muscular System in sport?

Answer 7

• Lactate accumulation can lead to cramp & muscle pain, particularly in latter stages of a game.
• More O2 needed to break down lactic acid.
• Sprint swimmer needs periods of rest after short, sharp bursts to allow recovery.
• A warm up allows muscle temperature to increase safely.

Question 8

Describe what happens when the CV & Respiratory Systems work together?

Answer 8

• More O2 needed to working muscles.
• Breathing rate & depth increases.
• Gaseous exchange increases in speed with increase in heart rate.
• More O2 delivery to working muscles.
• Heart —> Lungs —> Muscles.
• Quicker CO2 removal once O2 used up. After - breathing rate & depth + HR still high.