The Cardiovascular System

Question 1

Define the heart and what it does.

Answer 1

Is a ‘double pump’ system, or double circulatory system. Controls blood flow between - the heart - the lungs - other organs - working muscles.

Question 2

What does this system involve?

Answer 2

The Pulmonary System & the Systemic System.

Question 3

Define the Pulmonary system.

Answer 3

• Moves blood from the lungs to the heart and back to the lungs.
• Deoxygenated blood from the right ventricle to the lungs via the Pulmonary artery.
• It is then resaturated with O2.
• Returned to left atrium via the Pulmonary vein.

Question 4

Define the Systemic System.

Answer 4

• Blood containing O2 from the left ventricle to the aorta to the rest of the body.
• The O2 is used & deoxygenated blood returned to the heart (right atrium) via Vena Cava.

Question 5

Define Heart Rate.

Answer 5

Number of times the heart beats per minute (contracts/relaxes) Ave 60-80 bpm.

Question 6

Define Stroke Volume.

Answer 6

Amount/volume of blood ejected by the heart (left ventricle) per beat (ml).

Question 7

Define Cardiac Output.

Answer 7

Volume of blood ejected by the heart (left ventricle) in ONE minute.

Question 8

What is the equation for cardiac output?

Answer 8

Cardiac Output = Heart Rate x Stroke Volume
Q = HR x SV
Measured in litres/min

Question 9

Again define the heart in a different way.

Answer 9

• A muscular pump that beats (contracts & relaxes) to move blood to the lungs & working muscles.
• Cardiac muscle.

Question 10

Define what blood vessels do, and name them.

Answer 10

• They move blood around the body.

- Arteries, veins & capillaries

Question 11

What is blood made up of?

Answer 11

• Red & white blood cells
• Platelets
• Plasma

Question 12

What is one of the functions of the cardio-vascular system?

Answer 12

It transports O2, CO2 & nutrients:

• moves 02 to working muscles & organs.
• increased rate of O2 supply during exercise.
• provides energy.
• removes CO2 waste product. How?
  - breathe out.
• nutrients from food moved around in the blood.

Question 13

What is the function of red blood cells?

Answer 13

To carry O2 and remove CO2, haemoglobin gives it a bright red colour.

Question 14

Why is it good to have a high red blood cell count?

Answer 14

• High aerobic capacity

- Very good for endurance activities

Question 15

What happens when you have a low blood cell count?

Answer 15

• Anaemia

- Not enough iron lack energy