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My Alaska Pilots > The Ship Handlers Guide - ROWE > Flashcards

The Ship Handlers Guide - ROWE Flashcards

1
Q

As a rough guide it can be assumed that at a steady speed the pivot point will be approximately?

A

1/4 of a ship length from forward

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2
Q

Many casualties are proven to occur as a direct result of?

A

Excessive Speed

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3
Q

Control is best achieved by applying full rudder and utilizing a short but substantial burst of engine power, a technique called?

A

Kick Ahead Method

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4
Q

If Kick ahead is to be utilized, it is essential that the rudder is seen to be?

A

‘hard over’ before the power is applied

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5
Q

True or False: It is essential that the power is left on while the rudder is returned to amidship or angles less than 35 degrees

A

FALSE: Power is taken off before returning rudder to amidship or angles less than 35 degrees.

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6
Q

Shaft horse power (SHP) is that generated to turn the propeller. It is almost equivalent to brake horse power (BHP) which is the actual power developed by the engine. For ship handling purpose?

A

They can be assumed to be the same

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7
Q

The type of propulsion unit is also an important factor to consider when utilizing the kick ahead, Which propulsion unit is best?

A

Diesel powered ships are generally very good, with the power coming in quickly and effectively.

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8
Q

True or False: When slowing down, but still wishing to keep control of heading. It is better, if it is permissible, to leave the turbine on dead slow for as long as possible rather than stop the engine.

A

TRUE

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9
Q

Without the assistance of tugs to control both heading and speed, what is the most effective means of keeping control of heading and speed.

A

kick ahead method.

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10
Q

True of False: The effect of Transverse thrust Whilst making an ahead movement is arguably less worrying than that of an astern movement, perhaps because the result is less noticeable

A

True

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11
Q

The magnitude of transverse thrust will be slowly increase reaching its peak just prior to?

A

the ship being completely stopped

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12
Q

It is an unfortunate fact of life that at the slower speeds approaching a berth. If stern power is applied, transverse thrust is likely?

A

to be at its MAXIMUM

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13
Q

True or False: It is sometimes apparent that a ship when using stern power in the close proximity of solid jetties, banks or shallow water will ‘cut’ the wrong way.

A

TRUE

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14
Q

What phenomenon occurs when the ship with a fixed pitch right handed propeller has a solid jetty or other vertical obstruction close to its starboard side. If excessive stern power is used, the wash created is forced forward between the ship and the obstruction.

A

Wedge Effect

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15
Q

If the ship has a small under keel clearance it is possible that, in addition to such factors as cavitation and restricted flow into the propeller, the flow of water on the port side is being?

A

deflected off the bottom and back on to the hull.

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16
Q

For a CPP propeller which rotation direction would give the same characteristics as a right handed fixed pitch propeller.

A

Left handed

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17
Q

In the category of human error, ______________ whilst attempting to turn is once again a major source of failure

A

Excessive Speed

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18
Q

At a steady speed, whilst turning, the final position of the pivot point will now be approximately?

A

1/3 ship length from the bow

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19
Q

The balance between the rudder force and the lateral resistance, plays a?

A

crucial part in shaping all turning circles.

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20
Q

What is the only factor saved by entering a turn a higher speeds?

A

TIME

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21
Q

The ship may experience a ___ to ___ % speed loss and it is useful feature in many areas of ship handling where a sharp speed reduction is required

A

30% to 50%

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22
Q

Standing turns and kicks ahead can only be achieved by altering the balance between lateral resistance and rudder force, reducing the former to a minimum and then exploiting the latter to its full potential. To do this to best effect it is first necessary to?

A

take ships speed right down to the equivalent of dead slow or less.

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23
Q

The degree of speed reduction prior to the turn is of critical importance to?

A

Tightening the turn ( dead slow or less is the optimum and anything faster will incur a loss of turning ability)

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24
Q

As a rough guide it can be assumed that a ship may experience shallow water effect when the the depth of water is less than?

A

twice the draft

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25
Q

A ship maneuvering through a large turn and influenced by shallow water may also experience an increase in draft due to?

A

LIST

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26
Q

The angle between the ships head and the direction that the bridge is actually traveling in is the?

A

Drift angle

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27
Q

If a ship has a large drift angle it also has the ability to generate significant?

A

sideways movement or lateral motion ( this is an important characteristic and one which can be used to great advantage when handling a ship)

28
Q

Although it will vary slightly from ship to ship, generally speaking most will lay stopped with the wind?

A

Just forward or just abaft the beam.

29
Q

It is a regrettable fact of life, when approaching a berth with the wind upon or abaft the beam, that as speed is reduced the effect of wind gets?

A

progressively greater and requires considerable corrective action.

30
Q

A large trim by the stern may change the ship handling characteristics quite substantially. The increase of free board forward has moved W forward and very close to P. With the turning lever thus reduced the ship is not so inclined to do what with head way?

A

run up into the wind, preferring instead to fall off,or lay across the wind.

31
Q

Wind force varies as the ________ of the wind speed.

A

Square

32
Q

It goes without saying that the type of sea bed is of paramount importance to dredging, what bottom type is the most obvious choice?

A

Soft Mud

33
Q

Research has show that whilst the anchors and the cable are relatively reliable, what is not?

A

The windlass

34
Q

The design speed of a windlass gypsy in gear is about 30 feet/minute which is approximately 3 minutes a shackle. This is equal to a ship speed of ?

A

0.3 kts SOG

35
Q

The windlass is only designed to lift the dead weight of?

A

The anchor and four shackles.

36
Q

When the amount of cable exceeds 1.5 x depth the speed must be?

A

Below 0.3 kts, especially if the windlass is in gear or the brake is screwed up.

37
Q

By using one anchor, particularly on large beamed ships, it should be remembered that the pivot point is moved out to the ships side. This creates an effective turning moment PT in much the same manner as a?

A

Backing Spring

38
Q

Walk out the anchors out as early as possible. This gives sufficient time to get the feel of the ship before the berth is reached. It is recommended, if practicable, in order to avoid underwater damage to the hull, that the ships UKC should be?

A

at least 20% of that vessels maximum loaded draft.

39
Q

True or False: The low pressure or suction area is, on the other hand, working well aft of the pivot point and consequently is a very strong force.

A

TRUE

40
Q

Excessive speed must be avoided as, yet again. It is a crucial factor in creating a ‘bank effect’ problem, because the magnitude of the forces varies with the_______ of the ships speed or water flow

A

SQUARE

41
Q

It is important at this stage, when meeting another ship, not to work over to the starboard side of the channel to early or to far because?

A

If the ship gets too close to a shoal or bank it can experience bank effect and unexpectedly sheer across the path of the approached ship with appalling consequences.

42
Q

It may often be found that the tide can be used to?

A
  • improve slow speed control

- create lateral motion

43
Q

Assuming there is a choice, it may be prudent to keep to the outside of the bend, so that the ship is?

A

Always in the area of stronger flowing tide.

44
Q

If it is practicable it is better to keep to which side of the bend and why?

A

Inside of the bend. So that the bow does not enter the area of stronger tide at any time during the turn. Unfortunately this is often the shallow side of the bend as well and this may be prohibitive to a larger vessel with a draft restraint.

45
Q

The magnitude of tide force is influenced by?

A
  • draft and depth of water
  • the ships bow configuration
  • the velocity of the tide
  • under keel clearance
46
Q

The force of the tide upon a ship, measure in tonnes, is directly 1) ____________ to the 2) _________ of the velocity of the tide

A

1) Proportional

2) Square

47
Q

With a depth to draft ratio of 1.05 the tidal force is how many times stronger than with a depth to draft ratio of 3.0

A

Three times stronger

48
Q

It is not uncommon for some officers to have noticed that a ship appears to develop a small amount of headway. Seemingly as a result of using its bow thruster. This is most noticeable when the ship was previously stopped in the water. This phenomenon may partially be initiated by?

A

A build up of positive water pressure along the ships side, as it is thrust sideways by the thruster. This in turn creates a flow of water around the bow which may be of sufficient velocity to create a low pressure area immediately ahead of the ship.

49
Q

How can lateral motion to be port be initiated?

A

with good but short kicks ahead on full starboard rudder, in conjunction with a balanced amount of thrust to port on the bow thruster.

50
Q

True or False: Another consideration, particular on ships with CPP, is that the reaction of a thruster may be much slower than the main propeller and therefore it sometimes needs to be brought in a little earlier than the kick ahead.

A

TRUE

51
Q

What problem begins when astern power is applied?

A

Heading control

52
Q

With stern way using the bow thruster looking astern from a bridge aft, the eye does perceive rate of turn more quickly as it would when looking forward to the bow

A

FALSE: The eye does not perceive rate of turn as quickly

53
Q

For CPP propellers if the ships speed is too high an doesn’t not already match the propeller speed, the flow of water through it will be restricted and a great deal of turbulence will develop behind the propeller, which will?

A

Also have an adverse effect upon the rudder

54
Q

True or False: It is still imperative to remember that even though “stop” has been requested, a ship with a CP Propeller can unexpectedly creep ahead or astern

A

TRUE

55
Q

If a CPP propeller loses power, what is helpful to maintain steerage?

A

It is helpful if propellers pitch can be set to full ahead, so that rudder is not shielded and can be used to some effect with what steerage way remains.

56
Q

It must be remembered that the fixed shroud is designed for efficiency when making?

A

Headway

57
Q

What is the maximum angle for Becker or Jastram rudders?

A

70 Degree

58
Q

Some ships with specialized rudders may be fitted with a system to override which will limit the use or the angle of the rudders to ______ when the ships speed exceeds a certain speed. This might be for example be at around how many ______ kts?

A
  • 35 degrees

- 5 and 6 knots

59
Q

To rely upon backing one engine to tighten a difficult turn, at a bend in a channel for instance. Whilst this is absolutely fine at low maneuvering speeds it is?

A

unwise at moderate speeds, for example over 5 or 6 knots.

60
Q

The conventional or traditional tug, for years the work horse of the maritime industry and still widely employed, has two inherent design features which can, by modern standards, limit its efficiency. These are?

A
  • the traditional propulsion unit

- the position of the towing hook

61
Q

With their towing hook amidships conventional tugs have always been vulnerable to girting and their basic maneuverability makes it all the more difficult to extricate this type of tug, should it be caught in such an unenviable position. It can be caused by one, or both of the following?

A
  • the ship turning independently and too quickly away from the tug
  • excessive straight line speed with a tug made fast.
62
Q

A disadvantage of tractor tugs is that when using full side thrust heeling angle may be up to _____ degrees for some tugs.

A

21 degrees

63
Q

Which towing position does an ASD tug use to achieve its full potential?

A

Towing from the Bow winch

64
Q

In the indirect towing mode, when engaged at the stern of a ship, the pull on the tow line can be increased by a factor of?

A

1.5 to 2.0 times the bollard pull

65
Q

In order to make the best use of a tug and achieve the desired result, it is important to position it in the right place. To do this it is necessary to ask the following questions?

A
  • what is the intended movement and or maneuver
  • will the ship be predominantly with headway, backing or stopped?
  • where will the ships pivot point be?
  • where will the tug be in relationship to the ships pivot point
  • what type of tug is being used
66
Q

By working close to the ships pivot point it will be most effective in assisting the ship to develop?

A

Bodily lateral movement

My Alaska Pilots (10 decks)

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