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Biology > The Senses > Flashcards

The Senses Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

5 senses

A
  • touch
  • smell
  • taste
  • sight
  • hearing
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2
Q

The skin

A

Organ of touch and temperature

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3
Q

The tongue

A

Organ of taste

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4
Q

Taste buds detect

A
  • sweet
  • salt
  • sour
  • bitter
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5
Q

The nose (2)

A
  • Organ of smell

- Olfactory neurons in the nose detect smells

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6
Q

The eye

A

Organ of sight

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7
Q

Main parts of the eye (diagram) (13)

A
  • Conjunctiva
  • Sclera
  • Cornea
  • Choroid
  • Retina
  • Fovea
  • Blind spot
  • Optic nerve
  • Lens
  • Iris
  • Pupil
  • Ciliary muscles
  • Aqueous and vitreous humours
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8
Q

Function of the conjunctiva

A

Thin transparent lining protecting the cornea.

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9
Q

Function of the sclera

A

Tough fibrous outer layer – the ‘white’ of the eye;

it maintains the shape of the eyeball

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10
Q

Function of the cornea

A

Allows light into the eye and bends it to help focus it on the retina

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11
Q

Function of the choroid

A

Contains blood vessels supplying food and oxygen to the cells of the eye
Prevents reflection

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12
Q

Function of the retina

A

Contains

  • light receptors
  • rods (for black and white vision in dim light)
  • and cones (for colour vision in bright light)
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13
Q

Function of the fovea

A

Part of the retina where most images are focused

The fovea is where our best vision is [mainly cones]

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14
Q

Function of the blind spot

A

Where the optic nerve fibres pass through the retina and there is no room for receptors.

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15
Q

Function of the optic nerve

A

Carries impulses to the brain

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16
Q

Function of the lens

A

Focuses light on the retina

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17
Q

Function of the iris

A

Contains blood vessels and melanin [giving us our eye colour]
Controls the amount of light entering the eye [through the pupil].

18
Q

Function of the pupil

A

Black circle at the front of the eye

Lets light into the eye

19
Q

Function of the ciliary muscle

A

Thickened edge of the choroid that controls the shape of the lens (accommodation) to focus the image on the retina

20
Q

The ear

A

Organ of hearing

21
Q

Parts of the ear (diagram) (

A

?

22
Q

Function of the pinna

A

Collects vibrations

Channels them into the auditory canal

23
Q

Function of the auditory canal

A

Carries vibrations to the eardrum

It has hairs and wax glands to trap dirt and germs.

24
Q

Function of the eardrum

A

Membrane of skin that vibrates when sound waves hit it.

Carries the vibrations to the middle ear

25
Q

Function of the ossicles

A

The hammer, anvil and stirrup

Amplifies the vibrations and passes them on to the oval window

26
Q

Function of the Eustachian tube

A

Not part of the ear
Connects the middle ear with the pharynx
Equalises pressure on each side of the eardrum
It opens when we swallow, cough

27
Q

Function of the cochlea

A

Responsible for hearing
Contains nerves that convert sound vibrations into electrical impulses that are sent to the brain along the auditory nerve

28
Q

Organ of Corti

A

In the cochlea

Contains receptor cells that allow hearing

29
Q

Balance

A

Detected by the vestibular nerve

The semi-circular canals

30
Q

Glue ear

A

Hearing disorder
Cause by too much sticky fluid in the middle ear
Corrected by decongestants

31
Q

A receptor

A

A cell that can detect a stimulus

32
Q

A stimulus

A

Any change in your environment

33
Q

Function of the suspensory ligaments

A

Hold the lens in place

34
Q

Accomodation

A

The ability of the lens to change its shape (focal length) to form a clear image.

35
Q

Close vision

A

Ciliary muscle contracts, the suspensory ligaments relax, the lens becomes thicker.

36
Q

Distant vision

A

Ciliary muscle relaxes, the suspensory ligaments tense, the lens becomes thinner.

37
Q

Function of the aqueous humour

A

Watery liquid that supplies the lens and cornea with nutrients
Helps keep the shape of the cornea and lens.

38
Q

Function of the vitreous humour

A

Gel that helps maintain the shape of the eye.

39
Q

Correction of long sighted

A

Convex lenses

40
Q

Correction of short sighted

A

Concave lenses

41
Q

The inner ear

A

Contains a coiled, fluid-filled tube called the cochlea and the semi-circular canals.

42
Q

Function of the semi-circular canals

A

Help us keep our balance and posture

Biology (18 decks)

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