Genetics, DNA & Evolution Flashcards
Explain the term species
Organisms capable of interbreeding and producing fertile offspring
What is meant by the term gene expression
The production of a protein using the gene’s code
Name the biomolecule that is a major component of meat
Protein
Where in cells are proteins manufactured
Ribosomes
Name the molecule, formed from DNA, which carries the instruction to manufacture protein
mRNA
Name and outline the procedure used for analysing the DNA samples that revealed the presence of horse meat in products labelled as beef
- DNA profiling
1. DNA extracted from cells and cut into fragments using restriction enzymes
2. Fragments are separated on the basis of size
3. The pattern of fragments is analysed
Explain the term genetics
The study of heredity and variation
Explain the term heredity
Passing on characteristics from parents to offspring
Explain the term variation
The different characteristics between members of a species
What is a gene
- Unit of heredity
- Composed of DNA
- Controls development of a characteristic
What is a locus
Specific location of a gene on a chromosome
What are Alleles
Alternative forms of the same gene
Explain the term Genotype
The genetic make-up of an organism
Explain the term Phenotype
- The physical make-up of an organism
- Depends on the genotype and effect of environment
What is meant by a dominant allele
Masks the expression of the recessive allele
